Cheilanthoideae

Cheilanthoideae is one of the five subfamilies of the fern family Pteridaceae.[1][2] The subfamily is thought to be monophyletic, but some of the genera into which it has been divided are not, and the taxonomic status of many of its genera and species remains uncertain, with radically different approaches in use as of December 2019.

Cheilanthoideae
Myriopteris parryi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Cheilanthoideae
W.C.Shieh
Genera

See text.

Synonyms

Cheilanthaceae B.K.Nayar

Phylogenic relationships

The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between Cheilanthoideae and the other Pteridaceae subfamilies.[3]

Pteridaceae

Cryptogrammoideae

Parkerioideae (syn. Ceratopteridoideae)

Pteridoideae

Vittarioideae

Cheilanthoideae

Although subfamily Cheilanthoideae itself is thought to be monophyletic, many of the genera into which it has been divided (including Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, and Pellaea) have been shown to be polyphyletic.[4]

Genera

The division of the subfamily Cheilanthoideae into genera and species remains uncertain as of December 2019. Christenhusz et al. (2011), the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), and the November 2019 version of the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World (World Ferns 8.11) agree on the following genera:[1][2][5]

Some other genera that have been included in the subfamily (or split off from genera included in the subfamily) are:[1][2][5]

  • Allosorus Bernh. – not included by Christenhusz et al. (2011); accepted in PPG I; World Ferns 8.11 includes it in Aleuritopteris, saying that it was wrongly typified
  • Baja Windham & L.O.George – accepted by World Ferns 8.11
  • Mickelopteris Fraser-Jenk. – accepted by World Ferns 8.11
  • Oeosporangium Vis. – included in Allosorus in PPG I; re-accepted by World Ferns 8.11
  • Parahemionitis Panigrahi – accepted by Christenhusz et al. (2011) and PPG I; considered a synonym of Paragymnopteris by World Ferns 8.11, which places the species Parahemionitis cordata in the monotypic genus Mickelopteris
  • Pteridella Mett. ex Kuhn – accepted by Christenhusz & Chase (2014);[6] considered a synonym of Pellaea by World Ferns 8.11

Other sources take a radically different approach. As of December 2019, Plants of the World Online places all of the possible genera of the Cheilanthoideae in the single genus Hemionitis.[7] (Parahemionitis is treated as a synonym of Acrostichum,[8] a member of a different subfamily.)

While much work remains to be done in delineating monophyletic genera in the cheilanthoids (Cheilanthes, Doryopteris and Pellaea remaining notably polyphyletic), several major clades have been consistently recovered in phylogenetic analyses and given informal names, as shown here:

cheilanthoids
"ludens clade"

Calciphilopteris

bommeriids

Baja, Bommeria

"skinneri clade"

Cheilanthes skinneri and relatives

myriopterids

Mildella, Myriopteris

pellaeids

Argyrochosma, Astrolepis, Paragymnopteris, and Pellaea

notholaenids

Cheilanthes leucopoda, Cheiloplecton, Notholaena

hemionitids

Adiantopsis, Aleuritopteris, Aspidotis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gaga, Hemionitis, Lytoneuron, Mickelopteris, Oeosporangium, Ormopteris, Pentagramma, Trachypteris

References
  1. Christenhusz, Maarten; Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
  2. PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  3. Schuettpelz, Eric; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Ranker, Tom A. & Haufler, Christopher H. (2008). "Chapter 15 Fern phylogeny" (PDF). In Ranker, Tom A. & Haufler, Christopher H. (eds.). Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press. pp. 417–467. ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
  4. Schuettpelz, Eric; Schneider, Harald; Huiet, Layne; Windham, Michael & Pryer, Kathleen M. (2007). "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 (3): 1172–1185. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.011. PMID 17570688. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-21.
  5. Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019). Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.11. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
  6. Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
  7. "Hemionitis L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
  8. "Parahemionitis Panigrahi". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-12-31.


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