Chelyadnins

The Chelyadnin family (Челяднины) were an old and influential Russian boyar family who served the Grand Princes of Moscow in high and influential positions. They were descended from Ratsha, court servant (tiun) to Prince Vsevolod II of Kiev.[1]

Vasily III appoints Grigory Fedorovich Chelyadin-Davydov and Ivan Andreevich Chelyadnin as governors of Pskov

History

Ancestry

The Chelyadnins were descended from Ratsha, court servant (tiun) to Prince Vsevolod II of Kiev and the oppressive manager of serfs in Kiev. Several other Russian noble families are also descended from Ratsha, including the Pushkin, Aminoff, Buturlin, Kuritsyn, Kamensky families.[2][3]

Ratsha's great-grandson Gavrila Aleksich was a boyar under the famed Alexander Nevsky and played an important role in the Battle of Neva. Gavrila Aleksich's son Akinf Gavrilovich the Great was a boyar under two Grand Princes of Vladimir, Andrey of Gorodets and Mikhail of Tver. The founder of the Chelyadnin family was Mikhail Andreevich Chelyadnya, son of Akinf and seventh-generation descendant of Ratsha.[4]

Rise to power

Mikhail Andreevich Chelyadnya's son, Ivan Mikhailovich Chelyadnin, married Princess Elena Yuryevna Patrikeeva, grand daughter of Grand Prince Vasily I. In the 14th, 15th and early 16th centuries, the Chelyadnins often occupied one of the highest positions at court. They often became boyars , bypassing the stage of Okolnichiy . The family went extinct in the 16th century when Tsar Ivan the Terrible executed Ivan Petrovich Fedorov-Chelyadnin, an influential boyar belonging to the Daydov-Khromy branch of the Chelyadnin family. Subsequently, the Oprichniks under the Tsar looted and thoroughly destroyed all the vast Chelyadnin estates, and all close relatives and servants of Ivan Petrovich were brutally killed.[5][6]

Notable Chelyadnins

Boyar Andrey Fyodorovich Chelyadnin (?-1503), the first of Chelyadnins who gained the title of konyushy, governor (наместник, namestnik) of Novgorod. He was Commander-in-Chief during the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497). In 1500 he defeated the Lithuanians at the Lovat River and captured the city of Toropets.

Boyar Ivan Andreyevich Chelyadnin (?-1514), konyushy at the court of Vasili III of Russia, voyevoda (1508–1509). He took part in a number of battles with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after the defeat of Russia at the Battle of Orsha he was taken into captivity and died in a prison in Vilnius.

The Oprichniks by Nikolai Nevrev shows the execution of Ivan Petrovich Chelyadnin (right) after a mock coronation organized by Ivan IV.

Boyar Ivan Petrovich Fedorov-Chelyadnin (1500s- September 11, 1568), became boyar in 1550, de facto head of the Zemshchina Boyar Duma and held the rank of Equerry (head of the chancellery of the Tsar's stables). He was an influential and wealthy boyar known for his honesty. Tsar Ivan the Terrible was informed that the elderly boyar supposedly intended to overthrow him from the throne and become tsar himself. Alexander Guagnini reported that Ivan ordered him to put on royal clothes, put him on the throne, bowed, and then stabbed him in the heart, after which the rest of the guardsmen attacked and stabbed the body of Fedorov-Chelyadnin. After his death, all the vast Chelyadnin estates were looted and thoroughly destroyed, and all close relatives and servants of Ivan Petrovich were brutally killed.[7][6]

References
  1. Karamzin, Nikolay. History of the Russian State, Vol. 2. p. 123, note 290.
  2. Bobrinsky, Alexander Alekseevich, Stat. Count Alexander Bobrinsky Noble families included in the General Armorial of the All-Russian Empire: in 2 volumes, (1890) St. Petersburg, Part I: Poluyekhtovs, pp. 219-220.
  3. M. Wegner, Pushkin's ancestors, (1937) Soviet writer, p. 156.
  4. "Clan of the Sviblovs". Genealogical book of princes and nobles, Russian and visiting (Velvet Book), Part 1. Novikov Printing House. 1787. p. 309.
  5. Perrie, Maureen; Pavlov, Andrei (10 July 2014). Ivan the Terrible. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89467-4.
  6. Anisimov, Evgeny (20 October 2016). "Ivan Fyodorov-Chelyadnin". The Russian Reader.
  7. Polovtsov, Alexander Alexandrovich. "Fedorov-Chelyadnin, Ivan Petrovich". Russian Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 25. pp. 220–221.


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