Chemical Abstracts Service

Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) is a division of the American Chemical Society. It is a source of chemical information and is located in Columbus, Ohio, United States.

CAS
Formation1907
HeadquartersColumbus, Ohio
Location
  • United States
Official language
English
President
Manuel Guzman
Websitewww.cas.org
Chemical Abstracts
DisciplineChemistry (index)
LanguageEnglish
Publication details
History1907–2010
Publisher
Chemical Abstracts Service (United States)
FrequencyWeekly
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Chem. Abstr.
Indexing
CODENCHABA8
ISSN0009-2258
LCCN09004698
OCLC no.1553947
Links

Chemical Abstracts is a periodical index that provides numerous tools such as SciFinder as well as tagged keywords, summaries, indexes of disclosures, and structures of compounds in recently published scientific documents. Approximately 8,000 journals, technical reports, dissertations, conference proceedings, and new books, available in at least 50 different languages, are monitored yearly, as are patent specifications from 27 countries and two international organizations. Chemical Abstracts ceased print publication on January 1, 2010.[1]

Databases

The two principal databases that support the different products are CAplus and Registry.

CAS References

CAS References consists of bibliographic information and abstracts for all articles in chemical journals worldwide, and chemistry-related articles from all scientific journals, patents, and other scientific publications.

Registry

As of 2023, the CAS Registry contains information on more than 200 million organic and inorganic substances, and about 70 million protein and nucleic acid sequences.[2][3] The sequence information comes from CAS and GenBank, produced by the National Institutes of Health. The chemical information is produced by CAS, and is prepared by the CAS Registry System, which identifies each compound with a specific CAS registry number, index name, and graphic representation of its chemical structure.

The assignment of chemical names is done according to the chemical nomenclature rules for CA index names, which is slightly different from the internationally standard IUPAC names, according to the rules of IUPAC.

Products

CAS databases are available via two principal database systems, STN, and SciFinder.

STN
Chemical Abstracts Service Building B in August 2009. Columbus, Ohio

STN (Scientific & Technical Information Network) International is operated jointly[4] by CAS and FIZ Karlsruhe, and is intended primarily for information professionals, using a command language interface. In addition to CAS databases, STN also provides access to many other databases, similar to Dialog.

SciFinder

SciFinder is a database of chemical and bibliographic information. Originally it was available only as a client application (for both Windows and MacOS operating systems), a web version was released in 2008.[5] By that time it had a graphical interface, and was able to do graphical searches for chemical structures and reactions (the first ever database to allow such functions), as well as keyword searches for literature in chemistry and related disciplines. SciFinder Scholar was a very similar a product developed for academic institutions.[6] In 2017 the ACS released SciFinder-n as a web-only product with the same data content and improved user interface and search functions.[7] In 2023 SciFinder Scholar was discontinued.[8]

SciFinder is considered as the best source of chemical information worldwide, with substantially larger number of relevant information sources than Web of Science or Scopus with Reaxys.[9] Five most significant disadvantages of SciFinder are:

(1) lack of SQL-like search capabilities for Titles, Abstracts, etc. Instead SciFinder provides keyword, chemical name, chemical structure and chemical reaction searches.

(2) due to its unique and unusual search functions, substantial training is needed in order to fully take advantage of SciFinder capabilities.[10]

(3) SciFinder has an inconsistent coverage for patent documents with some years for some authorities randomly missing.[11] For this reason, Questel-Orbit, which also has chemical structure search,[12] is recommended for patent prior art searches.

(4) SciFinder has a limit (ca. 100-200 per day) on the number of search results (bibliometric data for references), that can be exported.[13] SciFinder routinely permanently terminates access for users, who attempt to download a large number of references.[14]

(5) The cost of subscription to SciFinder-n is rather high and apparently individually priced for each customer. The ACS prevents its customers from disclosing their product prices via non-disclosure agreements.[15] Limited data (often obtained via FOIA requests to public universities) show, that in 2000 the price for a PhD-granting institution with one-at-a-time user access was $38,050 per year.[16]

CASSI

CASSI stands for Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index. Since 2009, this formerly print and CD-ROM compilation is available as a free online resource to look up and confirm publication information. The online CASSI Search Tool provides titles and abbreviations, CODEN, ISSN, publisher, and date of first issue (history) for a selected journal. Also included is its language of text and language of summaries.[17]

The range is from 1907 to the present, including both serial and non-serial scientific and technical publications. The database is updated quarterly.[17] Beyond CASSI lists abbreviated journal titles from early chemical literature and other historical reference sources.[18]

History
CAS Headquarters Complex, completed in 1965 with addition (on left) in 1973. Columbus, Ohio

Chemical Abstracts (CA) began as a volunteer effort and developed from there. The use of volunteer abstractors was phased out in 1994. Chemical Abstracts has been associated with the American Chemical Society in one way or another since 1907.[19]

For many years, beginning in 1909, the offices of Chemical Abstracts were housed in various places on the Columbus, Ohio campus of Ohio State University, including McPherson Laboratory and Watts Hall.[20] In 1965, CAS moved to a new 50-acre (200,000 m2) site on the west bank of the Olentangy River, just north of The Ohio State campus. This campus became well known in the Columbus area and famous as the site of many Columbus Symphony Orchestra pop concerts. In 2009, the campus consisted of three buildings.

In 1907, William A. Noyes had enlarged the Review of American Chemical Research, an abstracting publication begun by Arthur Noyes in 1895 that was the forerunner of Chemical Abstracts. When it became evident that a separate publication containing these abstracts was needed, Noyes became the first editor of the new publication, Chemical Abstracts.

E. J. Crane became the first Director of Chemical Abstracts Service when it became an American Chemical Society division in 1956. Crane had been CA editor since 1915, and his dedication was a key factor in its long-term success.

Dale B. Baker became the CAS Director upon Crane's retirement in 1958. According to CAS, his visionary view of CAS' potential "led to expansion, modernization, and the forging of international alliances with other information organizations."[21] CAS was an early leader in the use of computer technology to organize and disseminate information.[22]

The CAS Chemical Registry System was introduced in 1965. CAS developed a unique registry number to identify chemical substances. Agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and local fire departments around the world now rely on these numbers for the definite identification of substances. According to the ACS, this is the largest chemical substance database in the world.

In 1965, CAS left their offices at OSU for a new headquarters north of campus. Ground was broken in 1971 for an expansion to the building designed by architects Brubaker/Brandt to accommodate the review of 400,000 new research reports printed each year. The 5-story 142,000 square foot building opened in May 1973.[23]

In 2007, the ACS designated its Chemical Abstracts Service subdivision an ACS National Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of its significance as a comprehensive repository of research in chemistry and related sciences.[24]

In 2021, CAS rebranded along with a change in logo. The organization updated their mission to be more focused on dynamic responsiveness due to ongoing changes within scientific industries and communities.[25]

In 2022, CAS announced the release of almost half a million CAS registry numbers under an open license in their Common Chemistry project.[26][27]

See also

References
  1. "CAS Printed Products". CAS. Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  2. "CAS Registry". www.cas.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  3. 50 Millionth Unique Chemical Substance Recorded in CAS REGISTRY Archived 2009-09-17 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters.com
  4. FIZ Karlsruhe. "STN International: Home". stn-international.com. Archived from the original on 2008-11-02. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  5. "New SciFinder Available Via the Web Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine". CAS. April 6, 2008.
  6. SciFinder Scholar Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, CAS
  7. "CAS announces SciFinder-n, a new research experience that elevates scientific discovery" (Press release).
  8. "SciFinder Classic is Retiring – Sciences Library News". 16 September 2022.
  9. Li, Jie; Burnham, Judy F.; Lemley, Trey; Britton, Robert M. (2010). "Citation Analysis: Comparison of Web of Science®, Scopus™, SciFinder®, and Google Scholar". Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries. 7 (3): 196–217. doi:10.1080/15424065.2010.505518. S2CID 62564372.
  10. Gabrielson, S. W. (2018). "SciFinder". Journal of the Medical Library Association. 106 (4): 588–590. doi:10.5195/jmla.2018.515. PMC 6148602.
  11. "Coverage of CAS Basic Patents by Year".
  12. "Chemistry Search".
  13. SciFinder and limits SciFinder
  14. SFn EWP Terms cas.org
  15. Named user terms and conditions cas.org
  16. "SciFinder Scholar".
  17. "About the CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool". Provided by Chemical Abstracts Service. American Chemical Society. December 2009. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  18. Peters, Marion, Beyond CASSI (PDF), Chemical Abstracts Service, retrieved 2015-08-27
  19. American Chemistry Society. Chemical Landmarks, Chemical Abstracts. "ACS Online". Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  20. Chemical Abstracts Service. About CAS, CAS 100th Anniversary, CAS History: Milestones [Online]. http://www.cas.org/aboutcas/cas100/annivhistory.html Archived 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 8.1.2009
  21. Chemical Abstracts Service. About CAS, CAS 100th Anniversary, CAS History: Milestones, 1958 Dale Baker [Online]. http://www.cas.org/aboutcas/cas100/annivhistory.html Archived 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 8.1.2009
  22. David Flaxbart. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, Winter 2007. http://www.istl.org/07-winter/viewpoints.html. Accessed 8.01.2009
  23. "CA to Dedicate New Office Building". The Columbus Dispatch. May 27, 1973. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  24. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Archived 2012-07-12 at archive.today, American Chemical Society.
  25. "CAS launches new brand reflecting strategic evolution to empower smarter science". 2021-04-28.
  26. American Chemical Society (2023). "CAS Common Chemistry". Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  27. Jacobs, Andrea; Williams, Dustin; Hickey, Katherine; Patrick, Nathan; Williams, Antony J.; Chalk, Stuart; McEwen, Leah; Willighagen, Egon; Walker, Martin; Bolton, Evan; Sinclair, Gabriel; Sanford, Adam (13 June 2022). "CAS Common Chemistry in 2021: Expanding Access to Trusted Chemical Information for the Scientific Community". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 62 (11): 2737–2743. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00268. PMC 9199008. PMID 35559614.
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