Chhotu Ram

Sir Chhotu Ram (born Ram Richpal; 24 November 1881 – 9 January 1945) was a prominent politician in British India's Punjab Province, an ideologue of the pre-Independent India, who belonged to the Jat community and championed the interest of oppressed communities of the Indian subcontinent. For this feat, he was knighted in 1937. On the political front, he was a co-founder of the National Unionist Party which ruled the United Punjab Province in pre-independent India and kept Congress and Muslim League at bay. In 1916, he brought out a weekly newspaper named jat Gazette, which is still being published today. [3]

Sir Chhotu Ram
Sir Chhotu Ram on a 1995 stamp of India
Born
Ram Richpal

(1881-11-24)24 November 1881
Garhi Sampla, Punjab, British India
(present-day Haryana, India)
Died9 January 1945(1945-01-09) (aged 63)
Lahore, Punjab, British India
(present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Alma materUniversity of Delhi
TitleFor the honesty of Social work, he was given the title of the Sir.
Political partyUnionist Party
SpouseGiano Devi
FamilyBhagwani Devi (daughter), Ram Pyari (daughter), Ch. Birender Singh (grandson), Brijendra Singh (BJP politician) (great-grandson)[1][2]

Early life

Chhotu Ram was born as Ram Richpal in a Jat family in the village of Garhi Sampla, Rohtak district, Punjab Province.[4] His parents were Chaudhari Sukhiram Singh Ohlyan and Sarla Devi. He acquired the nickname Chhotu Ram as he was the youngest of his brothers.[5] He was married to a Jat girl of Village Kheri Jat, Jhajjar.

Chhotu Ram joined primary school in January 1891, passing out four years later. When he was around eleven years of age he married Giano Devi.[6] He studied for his middle school examination in Jhajjar, 12 miles from his village, then enrolled in the Christian Mission School in Delhi. He passed his intermediate examination in 1903 and proceeded to St. Stephen's College, Delhi from where he graduated in 1905[7] with a distinction in Sanskrit. Parts of his education were funded by the prominent Jat philanthropist Seth Chhaju Ram.

Political activities

Among the supporters of the party were prominent urban Muslims such as Abdul Qadir.[8]

Sir Chotu’s greatest act in his political career was to introduce Punjab Restitution of Mortgage Land Act whereby mortgaged land could be restituted to owner by payment of original debt without further interest, howsoever old the debt was, freeing up the landowners of Punjab from the shackles of moneylenders who could not own land but possessed it by enjoying unfair mortgagee rights. That got millions of acres of land repossessed, sometimes by a pittance being paod, decades later. He was also the chief convenor of Jaat Sabha, a voice of Punjab landowners and tenants alike.

Political views

A substantial portion of his salary as minister was set aside for scholarships and stipends for economically poor but bright students. As Punjab's Revenue Minister, he set up the Peasants' Welfare Fund. Future Nobel Prize laureate Abdus Salam was one of the beneficiaries of this Fund.[9]

The enactment of two agrarian laws was primarily due to his contribution. These were the Punjab Relief Indebtedness Act of 1934 and the Punjab Debtor's Protection Act of 1936.[10]

Ram died in Lahore on 9 January 1945. His body was carried back to his home in Rohtak city, where it was cremated at the Jat Heroes Memorial Anglo Sanskrit Senior Secondary School in the presence of thousands of people.

Legacy

All punjabis recognised that Chotu Ram's demise possessed profound political consequences.[11] Farmers flocked to Rohtak to pay respects at his demise.

Monuments and memorials
Panormic view of Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology (DCRUST) at Murthal.

Ram's place of residence in Rohtak was known as "Prem Nivas" and "Nili Kothi" (English: Blue Bungalow). The chowk (road square) nearest to his house is now known as "Chhotu Ram Chowk" and a Dharamshala exists at the same place in his name. A samadhi (tomb) was created in his memory at the school campus where he was cremated, and there people pay homage on his birthday each year.

Chhotu Ram State College of Engineering College in Murthal (Sonepat District), Haryana, is named after him (the name of the college has since been changed to Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology abbreviated as DCRUST, after it got the University Status in 2006).

Sir Chhotu Ram College of Education, Kurukshetra is named after him.[12] Further, Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering & Technology at Meerut is also named after him.

The Indian government issued a commemorative stamp on 9 January 1995.

The Jat-Anglo Sanskrit School was started by him on 26 March 1913 in Rohtak. A Bachelor of Education college at the same campus, is also named after him.

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station (DCRTPP), Yamuna Nagar is a 2×300 MW Thermal power plant of HPGCL, Government of Haryana.

Ch. Birender Singh, Sir Chhotu Ram's daughter's son got built a 64 feet statue by Ch. Chhotu Ram Trust - Rohtak, highest in Haryana, at his birth site, Garhi Sampla. This statue was unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 October 2018.

References
  1. Division, Publications. Sir Chhotu Ram - A Saga of Inspirational Leadership. ISBN 9788123021768.
  2. "Heir to Chhotu Ram's legacy".
  3. Sethi, Chitleen K. (24 December 2020). "'Backing farmers not anti-party' — grandad's legacy drives Jat dynast from BJP to join protest". ThePrint. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  4. Tika Ram (1979). Sir Chhotu Ram: a biography. Ritu.
  5. S.P. Sen, Dictionary of National Biography, Vol ?, Calcutta, 1973, p.309
  6. S.P. Sen, Dictionary of National Biography, Vol ?, Calcutta, 1973, p.310
  7. Sir Chhotu Ram Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  8. J. Henry Korson. (1974) Contemporary Problems of Pakistan. Brill. p. 10
  9. "Science, poetry and prejudice". 6 December 2009.
  10. Abhishek Kadyan (3 January 2009) UK Indymedia – Rahabar-i-Azam Sir Chhotu Ram – angel for farmer. Indymedia.org.uk. Retrieved on 30 November 2018.
  11. Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. Routledge. 16 December 2013. ISBN 9781136790362.
  12. "Sir Chhotu Ram". scrce.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2013.

Further reading
  • K.C.Yadav: The Crisis in India: Reflections of Sir Chhotu Ram, Haryana Historical Society, Kurukshetra, 1996
  • Balbir Singh: Sir Chhotu Ram in Thoughts and Deeds, Jat Samaj Sewa Trust (regd.), New Delhi, 1930
  • Madan Gopal: Sir Chhotu Ram: A Political Biography, B.R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 1988
  • Madan Gopal: Sir Chhotu Ram: The Man and the Vision, Bhagirath Sewa Sansthan, Ghaziabad, 1997 ISBN 81-85083-28-2
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