2013 Chilean general election

General elections were held in Chile on 17 November 2013, including presidential, parliamentary and regional elections. Voters went to the polls to elect:

2013 Chilean general election
Presidential election
17 November 2013 (first round)
15 December 2013 (second round)
 
Candidate Michelle Bachelet Evelyn Matthei
Party Socialist UDI
Alliance Nueva Mayoría Alliance
Popular vote 3,470,379 2,111,891
Percentage 62.17% 37.83%
President before election

Sebastián Piñera
National Renewal

 Elected President

Michelle Bachelet
Socialist

Parliamentary election
17 November 2013
All 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
20 of 38 seats in the Senate
Party % Seats
Chamber of Deputies
Nueva Mayoría 47.71 67
Alliance 36.23 49
If You Want It, Chile Changes 5.43 1
Independents 3.32 3
Senate
Nueva Mayoría 50.63 12
Alliance 38.05 7
Independents 1.52 1
Politics of Chile
Executive
National Congress
Judiciary
Law
Administrative divisions
Recent elections
Independent institutions
Foreign relations
flag Chile portal

All the newly elected authorities began their terms on 11 March 2014.

In the presidential election, former president Michelle Bachelet fell short of the absolute majority needed for an outright win. In the runoff election, held on 15 December, she beat former senator and Minister of Labor Evelyn Matthei with over 62% of the vote, with turnout significantly lower than in the first round.

In the parliamentary elections, the New Majority coalition (backing Bachelet's candidacy) won back control of both chambers of Congress, winning 12 of the 20 contested seats in the Senate, for a total of 21 out of 38 total seats, and 67 of the 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

These were the first presidential and parliamentary elections in which all eligible voters were automatically enrolled, and where voting was no longer mandatory. Members of the regional boards were directly elected for the first time.

Timeline

Notable events and dates.[1][2]

  • 30 June 2013: Primaries held simultaneously nationwide. Michelle Bachelet and Pablo Longueira win their respective primaries for president.
  • 17 July 2013: Longueira quits the race.
  • 20 July 2013: UDI picks Evelyn Matthei to replace Longueira.
  • 19 August 2013: Deadline to register candidacies.
  • 9 October 2013: First debate. Bachelet does not participate.
  • 18 October 2013: Campaign advertising starts.
  • 25 October 2013: Radio debate.
  • 29–30 October 2013: Two-day television debate.
  • 14 November 2013: Campaign advertising ends.
  • 17 November 2013: Election takes place.
  • 22 November 2013: The Electoral Service publishes on its website a revised count made by polling officers the day after the election.
  • 1 December 2013: Runoff campaign advertising starts.
  • 3 December 2013: The Election Court (Tricel) publishes the final results of the first round election in the Official Gazette and calls for a runoff election between the top two candidates.
  • 6 December 2013: Radio debate.
  • 10 December 2013: Television debate.
  • 12 December 2013: Runoff campaign advertising ends.
  • 15 December 2013: Runoff election.
    • Polls close at 6 PM nationwide.
    • At about 7 PM, Matthei concedes defeat, telling reporters outside her home: "It is clear, she has won".[3]
    • At about 7:20 PM Matthei gives her concession speech.[3]
  • 17 December 2013: The Electoral Service publishes on its website a revised count made by polling officers the day after the election.
  • 10 January 2014: The Tricel officially proclaims Bachelet as President-Elect during a ceremony in Santiago, and publishes the final results of the second round election on its website.
  • 11 March 2014: The President-elect takes office in a ceremony at the National Congress in Valparaíso.

Presidential primaries
Main article: 2013 Chilean presidential primaries

In December 2012 a law was published allowing political parties or coalitions to define their candidates for president in government-run primary elections. The two main political groups agreed to choose their candidates this way. Former president Michelle Bachelet won the New Majority primary with 73% of the vote, while former senator and minister Pablo Longueira won the Alliance primary with 51%. Longueira subsequently quit the race and was replaced with Evelyn Matthei. Sitting president Sebastián Piñera did not stand for re-election due to term limits.

Presidential candidates

List of candidates who officially registered their candidacies at the Electoral Service. All candidacies were accepted on 28 August 2013.[4] Bachelet's candidacy was automatically accepted after she was proclaimed the winner of her primary by the Election Court.

CandidateEndorsementRemarks

Michelle Bachelet
Socialist Party		 New Majority: The former President from 2006 to 2010 became the New Majority candidate after beating three other candidates in a coalition primary held on 30 June 2013.[5] For further details, see Chilean presidential primaries, 2013.

Marcel Claude
Humanist Party		 Everybody to La Moneda: The leftist economist and university professor launched his candidacy on 26 January 2013.[6] On 12 March 2013 he was proclaimed by the Humanist Party as their candidate.[7] He officially registered his candidacy at the Electoral Service on 12 August 2013.[8]

Marco Enríquez-Ominami
Progressive Party		 If You Want It, Chile Changes: The 2009 candidate launched his candidacy on 4 October 2012 at a theater in Santiago.[9] On 5 May 2013, he was proclaimed as candidate by the Allendist Socialism movement.[10] On 15 June 2013, he was proclaimed as candidate by the Liberal Party (formerly known as Chilefirst)[11] and on 13 July 2013 by the Progressive Party.[12] He officially registered his candidacy at the Electoral Service on 17 August 2013.[13]

Ricardo Israel
Regionalist Party of the Independents		Regionalist Party of the IndependentsThe political scientist was proclaimed by the Regionalist Party of the Independents (PRI) on 20 July 2013.[14] He officially registered his candidacy at the Electoral Service on 14 August 2013.[15]

Tomás Jocelyn-Holt
Independent		Independent electorsFormer Christian Democrat deputy[16] and former member of the Liberal Party (PL). On 9 December 2012, the PL decided to withdraw their support for his candidacy.[17] He officially registered his independent candidacy at the Electoral Service on 19 August 2013.[18]

Evelyn Matthei
Independent Democratic Union		 Alliance: The former senator and Labor minister was picked as candidate by her party's political commission on 20 July 2013, replacing Pablo Longueira who had quit the race three days earlier.[19] She was formally proclaimed as candidate by both UDI and National Renewal on 10 August 2013.[20][21] She officially registered her candidacy at the Electoral Service on 18 August 2013.[22] For further details, see Chilean presidential primaries, 2013.

Roxana Miranda
Equality Party		 Equality PartyThe leader of ANDHA Chile (a group representing mortgage borrowers) was proclaimed on 21 January 2013 as the Equality Party's candidate for president.[23] She officially registered her candidacy at the Electoral Service on 19 August 2013.[24]

Franco Parisi
Independent		Independent electorsEconomist and television commentator.[25] On 7 August 2013, Parisi officially registered his independent candidacy at the Electoral Service. He presented over 52 thousand signatures, many more than the required minimum.[26]

Alfredo Sfeir
Green Ecologist Party		 Green Ecologist PartyThe economist and spiritual leader was proclaimed as candidate by the Green Ecologist Party on 13 April 2013,[27] after beating Félix González in a party primary.[28] He officially registered his candidacy at the Electoral Service on 19 August 2013.[29]

Unsuccessful candidacies
  • Eduardo Díaz (Ind.): The former mayor of Toltén and founder of the Party of the South (now defunct) is supported by the Alianza Independiente Regionalista (AIRE) movement.[30] By July 2013 he said he had collected around 28 thousand signatures.[31] However, he did not officially register his candidacy before the legal deadline of 19 August 2013.
  • Pablo Longueira (UDI): The former Minister of Economy and senator became the Alliance candidate for president after he beat Andrés Allamand from the National Renewal party in a two-party primary held on 30 June 2013.[5] However, on 17 July 2013 he unexpectedly quit the race after being diagnosed with depression.[32]
  • Gustavo Ruz (Ind.): Sociologist and founder of the Movement for a Constituent Assembly was selected by said group as their candidate on 14 May 2013.[33] On 19 August 2013 he stepped out of the race, having collected only 27 thousand signatures out of the necessary 36 thousand.[34]

Opinion polls for presidential race
Legend
—Not on the list
Wins election
May win election
Runoff
May go to a runoff

First-round scenarios
PublisherField dateBacheletClaudeMEOIsraelTJHMattheiMirandaParisiSfeirOtherDK/NRErrorComments
CERC10 – 22 June 20135135————4—24143.0Source
La Segunda-UDD9 – 10 July 20133927————6—25213Source
CEP13 July - 18 August 20134524——11—4—14203.0Open question. (Source)
IPSOS17 August - 9 September 2013317912201132—153.3Will go to vote (75%). (Source Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine)
IPSOS17 August - 9 September 20133381111221111—113.3Likely voters (53%). (Source Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine)
Conecta30 August -7 September 201339.83.28.80.2—17.70.89.90.54.115.03.9Source
Ichem (U. Autónoma)23 August - 27 September 201344.43.58.40.20.217.30.07.60.8—17.72.35Will "surely" go to vote (55%). (Source Archived 11 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine)
La Segunda-UDD10 – 12 September 201338470027081—153.1Source
ICSO (UDP)2 September - 10 October 201345.24.67.3<1.0<1.015.9<1.012.0<1.04.99.62.72Likely voters (51.4%). (Source)
CEP13 September - 14 October 20134737001401001633.0Ballot-box vote. (Source)
CEP13 September - 14 October 201354380019070—93.0Will "surely" go to vote (50%). Questionnaire. (Source)
CEP13 September - 14 October 201353.64.17.20.00.117.10.57.80.49.3—3.0Will "surely" go to vote (50%). Ballot-box vote. (Source)
IPSOS24 September - 4 October 2013346722192151—123.3Will go to vote (72%). (Source)
IPSOS24 September - 4 October 2013335722232151—103.3Likely voters (49%). (Source)
IPSOS8 – 18 October 2013306822193152—132.6Will go to vote (75%). (Source Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine)
IPSOS8 – 18 October 2013326723203142—112.6Likely voters (51%). (Source Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine)
La Segunda-UDD16 – 17 October 2013403700260100—143.4Source
El Mercurio-Opina19/20 and 26/27 October 201346.21.77.20.20.121.71.17.90.313.6—3.1Likely voters (56.1%). Ballot-box vote. (Source Archived 2 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine)
IPSOS19 October - 5 November 20133051220203132—132.2Will go to vote (76%). (Source)
IPSOS19 October - 5 November 20133261120203143—92.2Likely voters (54%). (Source Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine)

Bachelet vs. Matthei
PublisherField dateBacheletMattheiOtherDK/NRErrorComments
Conecta30 August - 7 September 201357.623.19.310.03.9Source
ICSO (UDP)2 September - 10 October 201347.417.222.013.42.72Source
Ipsos-Usach21 November - 2 December 201365.234.9——4.3Voted in first round and will go to vote. (Source)

Presidential campaign

First round
All nine candidates during the Anatel debate.

The first debate was organized by ANP (National Press Association) and CNN Chile and took place in Coquimbo's Enjoy Casino on 9 October. It ran from 20:00-22:00 with all candidates —except Bachelet, citing a prior commitment— participating.[35] It was moderated by CNN Chile anchor Daniel Matamala. There were four other journalists from regional media present who asked the candidates two randomly selected questions. Matamala also asked two questions, which were the same to all eight candidates.[36]

A radio debate organized by the Radio Broadcasters Association of Chile (Archi), took place on 25 October 2013 at the Gabriela Mistral Cultural Centre (GAM) in Santiago. The debate, which featured all nine candidates for the first time, was broadcast by over 600 radio stations across the country. It started at 8 AM and lasted for about 140 minutes. It was moderated by Archi president Luis Pardo and included four radio journalists: Sergio Campos (Cooperativa), Cony Stipicic (Duna), Mauricio Bustamente (Infinita) and Alejandro de la Carrera (Agricultura).[37][38]

A series of two consecutive televised debates were organized by the National Television Association (Anatel) and broadcast by all national terrestrial television stations. All nine candidates participated, as well. The first part of the debate aired on 29 October 2013, with a second part transmitted the next day. Both shows took place at TVN's studios in Santiago, beginning at 10 PM and running for over two hours. Former Anatel president Bernardo Donoso served as moderator. The journalists for the first day were Constanza Santa María (Canal 13), Soledad Onetto (Mega) and Claudio Elórtegui (UCV-TV); while the journalists for the second day were Beatriz Sánchez (La Red), Iván Núñez (Chilevisión) and Mauricio Bustamante (TVN).[39][40]

Runoff

A radio debate on 6 December 2013 was organized by Archi.[41] A television debate organized by Anatel was held 10 December 2013.[42]

Results

President
Ballot used in the first round
Ballot used in the runoff
CandidateParty or allianceFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Michelle BacheletNueva MayoríaPS3,075,83946.703,470,37962.17
Evelyn MattheiAllianceUDI1,648,48125.032,111,89137.83
Marco Enríquez-OminamiIf You Want It, Chile ChangesPRO723,54210.99
Franco ParisiIndependent666,01510.11
Marcel ClaudeEveryone to La MonedaPH185,0722.81
Alfredo SfeirGreen Ecologist Party154,6482.35
Roxana MirandaEquality Party81,8731.24
Ricardo IsraelIndependent Regionalist Party37,7440.57
Tomás Jocelyn-HoltIndependent12,5940.19
Total6,585,808100.005,582,270100.00
Valid votes6,585,80898.315,582,27097.97
Invalid votes66,9351.0082,9161.46
Blank votes46,2680.6932,5650.57
Total votes6,699,011100.005,697,751100.00
Registered voters/turnout13,573,14349.3513,573,14341.98
Source: Tricel via Diario Oficial, Tricel via LeyChile, Tricel

Senate
Ballot used in the Senate election in Coquimbo region.

Senators are elected for eight-year mandates, and roughly half of the Senate is renewed every four years. On this election, ten out of 19 senatorial constituencies were contested. As each constituency elects two representatives, this results in 20 new senators.

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
WonNot upTotal
Nueva MayoríaChristian Democratic Party744,26116.51246
Socialist Party728,45516.16426
Party for Democracy556,13112.33336
Broad Social Movement156,3723.47101
Communist Party6,4230.14000
Independents91,1122.02202
Total2,282,75450.6312921
AllianceNational Renewal733,72616.27268
Independent Democratic Union662,44714.69538
Independents319,5287.09000
Total1,715,73138.057916
New Constitution for ChileEquality Party70,6921.57000
Green Ecologist Party9,8950.22000
Independents95,3282.11000
Total175,9153.90000
Humanist Party156,3363.47000
If You Want It, Chile ChangesIndependents109,7022.43000
Independents68,7061.52101
Total4,509,114100.00201838
Valid votes4,509,11492.93
Invalid votes166,4023.43
Blank votes176,6493.64
Total votes4,852,165100.00
Source: Servel

Chamber of Deputies
Ballot used in the deputies election.
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Nueva MayoríaChristian Democratic Party967,00315.5521
Socialist Party691,71311.1215
Party for Democracy685,80411.0315
Communist Party255,9144.116
Social Democrat Radical Party225,9553.636
Broad Social Movement6,3870.100
Independents135,1202.174
Total2,967,89647.7167
AllianceIndependent Democratic Union1,179,34218.9629
National Renewal928,03714.9219
Independents146,4022.351
Total2,253,78136.2349
If You Want It, Chile ChangesProgressive Party235,7223.790
Liberal Party16,6640.271
Independents85,4371.370
Total337,8235.431
Humanist Party208,8793.360
New Constitution for ChileEquality Party67,0941.080
Green Ecologist Party32,7620.530
Independents73,0471.170
Total172,9032.780
Regionalist Party of the Independents72,3061.160
Independents206,6343.323
Total6,220,222100.00120
Valid votes6,220,22292.86
Invalid votes220,8683.30
Blank votes257,4343.84
Total votes6,698,524100.00
Source: Servel

Regional boards
Ballot used in the regional board election in Magallanes province

Provisional results including 99.92% of ballot boxes. There were 41,349 ballot boxes for the regional boards election. The results above are a revised count made by the polling officers the following day.

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
AllianceIndependent Democratic Union822,81914.1347
National Renewal809,98813.9142
Independents246,5044.2313
Total1,879,31132.28102
Nueva Mayoría para Chile[lower-alpha 1]Christian Democratic Party718,18812.3445
Socialist Party614,17810.5533
Independents119,6832.0611
Total1,452,04924.9489
Nueva Mayoría por Chile[lower-alpha 1]Party for Democracy569,2179.7832
Communist Party286,4224.9212
Social Democrat Radical Party173,0022.9712
Broad Social Movement6,6020.110
Independents234,6704.0313
Total1,269,91321.8169
If You Want It, Chile ChangesProgressive Party227,8893.912
Liberal Party1,4020.020
Independents134,1142.301
Total363,4056.243
PRI Regionalist MovementIndependent Regionalist Party179,1463.082
Independents166,9572.876
Total346,1035.948
Everyone to La MonedaHumanist Party99,6151.710
Independents163,3832.811
Total262,9984.521
New Constitution for ChileEquality Party39,3670.680
Green Ecologist Party34,5720.591
Green Ecologist Party of the North3,9300.070
Independents123,1282.110
Total200,9973.451
For the Development of the NorthNorthern Force4,1980.070
Independents18,6510.324
Total22,8490.394
Independents24,5760.421
Total5,822,201100.00278
Valid votes5,822,20187.24
Invalid votes322,5784.83
Blank votes529,1327.93
Total votes6,673,911100.00
Source: Servel

Reactions

Following the result of the first round election, Bachelet said: "We knew that it would be tough to win on the first round, we worked really hard, and we almost did it. We did win tonight, and we are going to work hard to win comfortably in December."[43] Following the first round, both candidates offered no change in aggressive campaigning for the second round except to include young MPs elected in their campaign. Matthei did however compare her politices that of German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Bachelet's to that of the former East Germany. While Green Ecologist Party's candidate Alfredo Sfeir was the only losing first-round candidate to back one of the two second-round candidates, in his case Michelle Bachelet,[44] independent candidate Franco Parisi said "Bachelet will be a great President, (...) Matthei would do bad for Chile, she is not to be trusted."[45]

U.S. President Barack Obama spoke with Bachelet, while the White House issued a statement that read: "The President expressed his desire to continue strengthening the relationship between the United States and Chile, building on the close partnership he enjoyed with President-elect...The President looks forward to working closely with President-elect Bachelet to advance our shared interests in the years ahead."[46]

Analysis

Though Bachelet's New Majority gained a majority of seats in the legislature, it failed to gain a four-sevenths majority required to pass legislation for her cornerstone education reform, which was the reason for mass mobilisation amidst the ongoing 2011–13 Chilean student protests. They also failed to get a two-thirds majority to restructure the 1981 constitution of Chile enacted during the Augusto Pinochet regime. Wake Forest political science Professor Peter Siavelis suggested: "The [congressional elections] result will surely be disappointing for Bachelet. Social movements that have spilled onto the streets are demanding reform, yet the limits of the institutional structure of Chile are going to limit her capacity to engage in reform. Even though Bachelet may be the winner tonight she is not in an enviable position."[43] The Washington Post said that Bachelet's "legacy now rides on her ability to craft a coalition for far-reaching structural and particularly political reform." It also questioned what a low turnout could mean for her mandate, which it said was not clear enough as she had to go to a second round.[44] The Huffington Post drew the 40th anniversary of the 11 September coup as a more than subtle backdrop to the election while saying the election was a referendum on Pinochet.[47]

Notes
  1. The New Majority coalition split into two lists for this election. The names in Spanish are similar and both translate as "New Majority for Chile". The list obtaining the most votes is called Nueva Mayoría para Chile, while the other list is called Nueva Mayoría por Chile.

References
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