Chresmodidae

Chresmodidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic insects within the superorder Polyneoptera.[2][3][4]

Chresmodidae
Temporal range: [1]
Fossil specimen of Chresmoda obscura from Germany, on display at Galerie de paléontologie et d'anatomie comparée in Paris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Subclass:
Pterygota
Infraclass:
Neoptera
Superorder:
Polyneoptera
Order:
Archaeorthoptera
Family:
Chresmodidae

Haase 1890

Genera

Prochresmoda from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan is not currently considered part of the group and is considered to be more closely related to Triassophasma and Palaeochresmoda.[7]

Their affinities within the Polyneoptera have long been considered uncertain.[8] Some authors have suggested that they represent a derived group of cockroaches.[9]

Description

Chresmodidae are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface, similar to extant water skaters. They can reach a size of about 17 centimetres (6.7 in).[10][11] and even 19 centimetres (7.5 in).[12]

These Polyneoptera (partial syn Archaeorthoptera) of uncertain position have been considered aquatic, living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals.[13][14]

They lived during the Cretaceous of Brazil, China, Lebanon, Spain, United Kingdom, as well as in the Jurassic of Germany and China, from ~166.0 to 94.3 Ma.[1]

References
  1. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  2. "Chresmodidae - Information on Chresmodidae - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  3. "family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890". speciesfile.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  4. Delclos X, Nel A, Azar D, Bechly G, Dunlop JA, Engel MS, Heads SW The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil
  5. ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-05-05). "A water-skiing chresmodid from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Polyneoptera: Orthopterida)". Zootaxa. 1762 (1): 53. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1762.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
  6. ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-02-13). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702 (1): 26. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  7. Nel, André; Marchal-Papier, Francine; Béthoux, Olivier; Gall, Jean-Claude (January 2004). "A "stick insect-like" from the Triassic of the Vosges (France) ("pre-Tertiary Phasmatodea")". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Nouvelle Série (in French). 40 (1): 31–36. doi:10.1080/00379271.2004.10697402. ISSN 0037-9271.
  8. Shi, Chaofan; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2019-03-15), Ren, Dong; Shih, Chung Kun; Gao, Taiping; Yao, Yunzhi (eds.), "Chresmodidae - Water-Walking Insects", Rhythms of Insect Evolution, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 157–163, doi:10.1002/9781119427957.ch12, ISBN 978-1-119-42795-7, retrieved 2023-08-07
  9. Vršanský, Peter (2020), "New Assemblages of the Bakhar Locality", Cockroaches from Jurassic sediments of the Bakhar Formation in Mongolia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 33–62, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59407-7_4, ISBN 978-3-030-59406-0, retrieved 2023-08-07
  10. "Fossil mit der ID: 2106 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  11. "Fossil mit der ID: 1551 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  12. "Fossil mit der ID: 1780 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  13. A. G. Ponomarenko Fossil insects from the Tithonian «Solnhofener Plattenkalke» in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna
  14. A. Nel, D. Azar, X. Martinez-Delclos and E. Makhoul A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects
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