Christopher Cock (auctioneer)

Christopher Cock (died 1748) was an eminent English auctioneer and picture restorer who lived and worked in London. His earliest known auction was in 1717. He operated from various premises in Soho until 1731, when he moved to the Great Piazza, Covent Garden. Cock was auctioneer of the properties and possessions of many well-known men of the time. He was married to Ann, but nothing more is known of his wife or any children; Cock died in 1748 and is buried at St Paul's, Covent Garden.

Biography

Christopher Cock was probably born in London in the 1690s, but this is not certain. It has been suggested that his father was John Cock (d. 1714), printseller and picture dealer in London;[1] no firm evidence has been found to substantiate this, although a Christopher Edward Cock, son of John and Mary was baptised at St Andrew Holborn, London on 30 September 1695.[2]

Cock died in December 1748, and was buried at St Paul's, Covent Garden on the 16th. The church registers record where he was interred,[3] but his memorial no longer exists.

Auctioneer

George Vertue made the first mention of Cock as an auctioneer,[1][4] noting his appearance in 1717. Cock's first newspaper advertisement was placed in 1722 for the sale by auction of “A Most Excellent Collection of Pictures by the Celebrated Italian and other Masters”;[5] thus began a successful career lasting some 30 years.[6] More of his newspaper advertisements, spanning over 20 years, are available online.[7]

Some 30 auction catalogues are also available,[8] demonstrating the range of Cock's clientele, which included John Bridges of Lincoln's Inn; Sir Robert Cotton, Postmaster General; Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington; Sir James Thornhill, late principal history painter to His Majesty; Edward, Earl of Oxford; Sir William Billers, Lord Mayor of London; Josiah Burchett, Esquire, late Secretary to the Admiralty and James, Duke of Chandos (twice). Well-known figures of the period would attend Cock's auctions, e.g. Joshua Reynolds and Alexander Pope at the Earl of Oxford sale on 9 March 1742.[9]

Christopher Cock is at the right, holding the painting

Records show that Cock charged a five per cent commission up to £40 or £50 and used a sliding scale thereafter.[10] His auctioneering methods were innovative. For example, as early as 1737 he advertised on his picture catalogues that "any Gentlemen that want the Prices mark’d in the Catalogues, Mr Cock has given his Servant leave to do it".[11] These estimates for paintings did not become a standard practice until 1973.[10]

In about 1731 Cock ordered from Hogarth a “conversation” of six people (later reduced to five). Sir Andrew Fountaine is shown standing, draped in a red cloak, looking down at a painting held by a deferential Cock. The painting (in the Philadelphia Museum of Art), and a copy of it, are described in more detail in Eisenberg's catalogue raisonnée.[12] This is the only known image of Christopher Cock.

Cock was satirised by Henry Fielding in his 1737 play The Historical Register in which Christopher Cock appears as Christopher Hen, played by Charlotte Clarke.[13][14]

In 1747 Cock formed a partnership with Abraham Langford, who took over the business on Cock's death a year later.[15]

Family and Residences

In his will,[16] Cock refers to his dear and loving wife Ann, but no record of their marriage has been found, nor of any children.

For the first part of his career, Christopher Cock lived in various locations in Broad Street (now Broadwick Street):

  • 1722 – Next the Vine Tavern, Broad Street, St James's
  • 1722–1724 – Upper end of Broad Street, next Golden Square
  • 1725 – The Two Blue Spires, Broad Street
  • 1726–1731 – Poland St, corner of Broad Street

In 1731 he moved to No. 9–10, the Great Piazza, Covent Garden, where he remained until his death.[6] The previous occupant for 10 years had been the Hon. Edward Wortley Montagu.[17]

Behind the house Cock erected an auction room, which remained in use for over a hundred years: next by Abraham Langford and then, in 1790, by Henry Robins.[18] As well as auctions, Cock used his rooms to exhibit and sell paintings by leading artists, such as Sir Godfrey Kneller, Sir James Thornhill and Peter Tillemans.[14] Christopher Cock's will also showed that part of his premises was leased to Allan Ramsay, the Scottish portrait painter, at a yearly rental of £63. He also held three shares in a newspaper, the Daily Advertiser. After his death, Cock's collection, including pictures, was sold by Langford in May 1749 on his former premises in the Great Piazza.[19]

Hogarth's 1745 etching The Battle of the Pictures was another satire involving Cock, whose auction house was nearby. It took the form of a bidder's ticket for an auction of paintings by Hogarth. Copies of old master paintings outside Cock's house are shown attacking paintings by Hogarth.[20]

References
  1. Dorment, Richard (1986). British Painting in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Seventeenth through the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art. pp. 167. ISBN 0-8122-8035-0.
  2. "London, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812". Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  3. Hunt, The Rev. William H., ed. (1908). The Registers of St. Paul's Church, Convent Garden, London, vol. IV. London: The Harleian Society. p. 438.
  4. Yale, Elihu (1721). For sale by auction. A Catalogue of Divers Rich and Valuable Effects, being a collection of Elihu Yale... London: Elihu Yale.
  5. Evening Post 30 January - 1 February 1722
  6. National Portrait Gallery. "British picture restorers, 1600-1950 - C". Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  7. 17th-18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers, at the British Library or elsewhere by subscription.
  8. "Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO)". Gale, Cengage Company. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  9. Goldsmith, Netta Murray (2002). Alexander Pope : the evolution of a poet. Aldershot; Burlington VT: Ashgate. ISBN 0754603105.
  10. Huda, Shireen (2008). Pedigree and Panache: A History of the Art Auction in Australia. Canberra: ANU E Press. p. 10. ISBN 9781921313714.
  11. Cock, Christopher (1737). A Catalogue of those Valuable Collections of the Hon. Sir Thomas Seabright, Bart. and of Thomas Slater Bacon, Esq. London: Christopher Cock. p. title page.
  12. Einberg, Elizabeth (2016). William Hogarth: a complete catalogue of the paintings. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 31. ISBN 9780300221749.
  13. Rawson, Claude (28 March 2007). The Cambridge Companion to Henry Fielding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521670920.
  14. Jones, Emrys D.; Joule, Victoria (19 Jun 2018). Intimacy and Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Literary Culture: Public Interiors. Palgrave Macmillan (Springer). pp. 48–54. ISBN 978-3-319-76902-8.
  15. Flynn, Tom (3 November 2016). The A-Z of the International Art Market. London: Bloomsbury Business. ISBN 9781472936363.
  16. "England & Wales, Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1384-1858". Ancestry. Ancestry Ireland Unlimited Company. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  17. "The Piazza: Notable private residents in the Piazza". British History Online. Institute of Historical Research, University of London. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  18. "The Piazza: Nos. 4-10 (consec.) Great Piazza with No. 1 James Street". British History Online. Institute of Historical Research, University of London. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  19. Daily Advertiser 17 May 1749
  20. "The Battle of the Pictures". The British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum. 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
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