Chromosome 1 open reading frame 162

The gene is located at p13.2 on chromosome 1 in humans and contains 8 exons.[6] It is 11,026 bases long and is oriented on the plus strand.[7]

Illustration of genomic context of C1orf162.

Three transcript variants have been identified. Isoform 1 is the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform. Isoform 2 uses an alternate in-frame splice site and is shorter than isoform 1. Isoform 3 lacks an alternate in-frame exon and is shorter compared to isoform 1.[8] There are six stem loops in the 5' untranslated region and five stem loops in the 3' untranslated region.[9]

The predicted molecular weight of the protein C1orf162 is 16.9 kdal. Its isoelectric point is approximately 9.2 in mammals.[10] A single transmembrane region is conserved across species.[11] The protein is predicted to localize mainly in the nucleus.[12] The protein is predicted to be myristoylated.[13]

Illustration of transmembrane region of C1orf162.

C1orf162 is not ubiquitously expressed in humans. According to microarray-assessed tissue expression patterns, C1orf162 is most highly expressed in bone marrow, lung, fetal liver, lymph node, spleen, and thymus in normal human tissues.[14] Staining of normal tissues has found high levels of RNA expression in bone marrow, lymph node, spleen, and lung tissue, which coincides with microarray-assessed expression patterns.[15]

Expression of C1orf162 in normal human tissues.

One study found the protein to be one of three hypomethylated proteins in instances of gastric cancer.[16]

The gene has no known paralogs. Orthologs have been noted in many mammal species in addition to a few birds and reptiles. The transmembrane region of the protein is highly conserved across species. No orthologs have been identified in fish, insects, or prokaryotes.[17]