Chronology of Colonial Cuba

• 1512 – Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Baracoa
• 1513 – San Salvador de Bayamo
• 1514 – Camagüey
• 1514 – Santísima Trinidad
• 1514 – Sancti Spíritus
• 1515 – San Cristóbal de La Habana
• 1515 – Santiago de Cuba

The Guanajatabey, Ciboney and Taíno peoples lived in Cuba in the 15th century; these were peaceful peoples and were organized in a primitive community. On October 27, 1492, the first European contact was made when Columbus was trying to sail to the Orient. Sebastián de Ocampo made the first circumnavigation of the island[1] in 1509 and gave the name Carenas to what is now Havana Harbor. In the 1510 expedition of conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the indigenous peoples led by Quisqueyano chief Hatuey resisted the Spaniards but were defeated and captured to be used as cheap manual labor. The colonizers saw the great possibilities of wealth from the continent and the island, which were gradually depopulated.

With the depopulation brought about in the indigenous towns, the Spanish began to introduce slaves from Africa. In 1812 a revolt of slaves occurred, led by José Antonio Aponte.

Carlos Manuel de Cespedes gave the Cry of Yara at the sugar mill La Demajagua on October 10, 1868 and, with this, the Great War (or the Ten Years' War) was begun, which ended with the Pact of Zanjón, without Cuban independence or the total abolition with indemnification of the slaves. Among other significant actions, the Protest of Baraguá stands out, in which the pro-independence General Antonio Maceo proclaimed his disagreement with the Pact of Zanjón and his decision to continue fighting.

General Calixto Garcia launched the struggle anew, initiating the Little War, which hardly lasted a year. In successive years, Jose Marti was exiled to the United States, where he founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party (PRC) and, with Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo, started preparations to relaunch the War of Independence. Martí is distinguished as a great politician, writer and poet, and he united the Cuban nationalist forces beyond generations, races and social positions.

On February 24, the war broke out with the Grito de Baire. Jose Martí died in the combat of Two Rivers, Oriente Province (May 19, 1895), a great loss for the Cuban pro- independence cause. The following year General Antonio Maceo died along with his assistant Francisco Gómez Toro, in the San Pedro estate, Province of Havana, on December 7. The Spanish Valeriano Weyler, as Governor General, initiated the Reconcentration Policy, which became like a precursor to the Nazi extermination camps, operated to isolate the rebels from the people and causing devastation in the population. But in spite of the strength and the armament of the Spanish army, the tactics of the Cubans always prevailed and with the invasion from east to west, the process was accelerated that would give them complete independence. But in 1898, the American battleship, USS Maine, was sunk under strange circumstances in the Havana Harbor. This brought about American intervention in the war, which became the Spanish–American War that ended with the Treaty of Paris on December 10, within which Spain ceded Cuba and Puerto Rico to the United States. Thus, a new stage in Cuban history was begun.