Chrzanów, Warsaw

In 1448, Chrzanów was given the privileges of the Kulm law, by duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw, ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw, with Stanisław Chrzanowski being listed as the owner of the village. Its history was tied with the nearby village of Macierzysz. The village was inhabited by the Chrzanowski noble family since then.[2] Chrzanów was located near the modern Połczyńska Street, to the south of then villages of Górce and Groty.[3]

In 1512, the name of the village was listed as Macierzysz Mały (lit. Little Macierzysz; in contemporary orthography: Manczyrzysch Maly), in 1521, as Chrzanów inaczej w Mniejszym Macierzyszu (lit. Chrzanów also known as Smaller Macierzysz; in contemporary orthography: Chrzanow ynaczey w m[n]yeyschem Mączyrzyschu), and since 1526, listed as Chrzanowo, and later also Macierzysz-Chrzanowo.[2] Since 19th century, the village was known as Chrzanów.[3]

In 1827, Chrzanów was inhabited by 84 people, and had 17 houses. It was part of the gmina (municipality of Blizne.[4]

Around 1877, in Chrzanów, in the area of modern Okrętowa Street, 15 German settlers had established a small settlement (colony) of Nowy Chrzanów (lit. New Chrzanów).[3] Between the end of the 19th, and beginning of the 20th century, in Chrzanów was established a folwark-type settlement of Mory. In February 1913, the Warsaw Garden Association (Polish: Towarzystwo Ogrodnicze Warszawskie) had announced a contest, to design street plan of the settlement. In Mory had operated the expermental research facility, and a gardening school with a arboretum.[5][6]

The ruins of the Fort IV in Chrzanów, in 2008.

Between 1883 and 1890, the Fort IV "Chrzanów" had been built near Chrzanów, as part of the series of fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, build around Warsaw by the Russian Empire. In 1909, it was decided to decommission and demolish the fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, due to the high costs of their maintenance, and as such the Fort V had been partially demolished in 1913, and was repurposed as a magazine. Currently the building remains as ruins.[7]

In the September 1939, during the Invasion of Poland, in the Second World War, the 360th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces had defended its position against the invading forces of Nazi Germany, in the Fort IV.[7] The area was eventually captured. Nowy Chrzanów had been recaptured on 18 September 1939, in the offensive by the group of Polish Armed Forces under the command of Leopold Okulicki.[8] The village remained under Polish control until the capitulation of Warsaw, on 28 September 1939.[9]

Chrzanów was incorporated into the city of Warsaw on 14 May 1951, becoming a neighbourhood of the district of Wola.[10] It was part of the district until 1990, when it was replaced by the gmina (municipality) of Warsaw-Wola, and in 1994, Jelonki were incorporated into then-established gmina of Warsaw-Bemowo.[11][12][13] In 2002, gmina of Warsaw-Bemowo was disestabolished, and replaced by the district of Bemowo.[14][15]

Low-rise single-family housing, at Szeligowska Street in Chrzanów, in 2015.

Prior to 2005, Chrzanów was had mostly rural characteristics with, low-rise family houses, and farmlands. Beginning in 2006, the area begun attracting new investments with construction of large residential estates, of modern apartment buildings. In 2016, it was estimated that in the neighbourhood around 12 thousand apartments would be built, with the neighbourhood housing over 30,000 people.[16][17]

Current city development plan anticipate that the northern portion of the neighbourhood will be allocated for the apartment buildings, while the southern portion, for the signle-family housing.[18]

In 2018, it was decided to build two metro stations of the M2 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system in Chrzanów. They are the Chrzanów located at the intersection of Szeligowskiej and Rayskiego Streets, and Karolin at the intersection of Sochaczewska and Połczyńska Streets, in the area of the historical settlement of Mory.[19][20] The preparation to begin the construction of the stations begun in 2022.[21] Both stations are planned to be opened in 2026.[22]

Chrzanów have bus connections to the rest of Warsaw. It is also located near the expressway S8 and the national road 92.[6]

In Chrzanów two metro stations of the M2 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system are being built. They are the Chrzanów located at the intersection of Szeligowskiej and Rayskiego Streets, and Karolin at the intersection of Sochaczewska and Połczyńska Streets.[19][20][21] They area planned to be opened in 2026.[22]