Chumphon
Chumphon (Thai: ชุมพร, pronounced [t͡ɕʰūm.pʰɔ̄ːn]) is a town (thesaban mueang) in southern Thailand, capital of the Chumphon Province and Mueang Chumphon District. The city is about 463 kilometers (288 miles) from Bangkok. As of 2005 it had a population of 33,522. The town covers the commune (tambon) Tha Taphao completely and parts of tambons Bang Mak, Wang Phai, Na Thung, Tak Daet, and Khun Krathing. Its main economic activity is agriculture.
Chumphon
ชุมพร | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Sao Lak shrine | |
  Chumphon Location in Thailand | |
| Coordinates: 10°29′38″N 99°10′48″E | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Province | Chumphon Province |
| District | Mueang Chumphon District |
| Area | |
| • Total | 8.15 sq mi (21.10 km2) |
| Elevation | 39 ft (12 m) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Website | chumphon |
History
Chumphon volunteers fought invading Japanese during World War II. Chumphon became a rail hub for Imperial Japan. It was a station on the Southern Line and connected to the short-lived Kra Isthmus Railway.[1]
Geography
Chumphon lies just inland from the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand. To the west are the northern hills of the Phuket Range, a subrange of the Tenasserim Hills. These hills reach 400 metres (1,300 ft) in the area near Chumphon. There are also many smaller peaks in the area in the range of 100 metres (330 ft) to 200 metres (660 ft) high.
Climate
Chumphon has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) just falling short of a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af). Temperatures are hot throughout the year. The period from December to April has relatively less rainfall than from May to November, when rainfall can be very heavy, particularly in October and November.
| Climate data for Chumphon (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.8 (94.6) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
38.2 (100.8) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.4 (95.7) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
38.8 (101.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.3 (93.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
32 (90) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.0 (78.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.21 (80.98) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.74 (74.73) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 96.7 (3.81) |
51.7 (2.04) |
110.3 (4.34) |
93.2 (3.67) |
171.0 (6.73) |
163.0 (6.42) |
195.0 (7.68) |
199.2 (7.84) |
178.9 (7.04) |
247.2 (9.73) |
258.6 (10.18) |
172.6 (6.80) |
1,937.4 (76.28) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.5 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 15.4 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 6.9 | 129.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80.8 | 79.3 | 78.3 | 77.9 | 80.7 | 81.0 | 82.1 | 81.8 | 83.3 | 85.1 | 83.8 | 80.4 | 81.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 195.3 | 214.7 | 238.7 | 201.0 | 155.0 | 114.0 | 117.8 | 114.7 | 108.0 | 145.7 | 174.0 | 195.3 | 1,974.2 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.3 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.4 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[2] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[3](extremes)[4] | |||||||||||||
Transport
- Bus: There is a small bus system within the city itself. Trains and buses run to and from Bangkok every day.
- Road: The main road through Chumphon is Thailand Highway 4, also known as Phetkasem Road, leading north to Bangkok, and south to Ranong, Phang Nga, Krabi, Trang, Phatthalung, and the border with Malaysia near Sadao.
- Rail: The Chumphon railway station is on the Southern Line of the State Railway of Thailand. Trains also stop at Pathio railway station in Chumphon Province.
- Air: The city's airport, Chumphon Airport (IATA: CJM, ICAO: VTSE) is 30 km north in Pathio District. The airport has daily flights to Bangkok.
- Nok Air and Thai AirAsia operate multiple daily flights between Bangkok (Don Mueang, DMK) and Chumphon Airport. The airport is a hub and regional gateway providing connecting services to Chumphon city and high speed ferry services to the islands of the Gulf of Thailand including Ko Tao and Ko Samui.
Popular culture
- In the science fiction novel, The Chronoliths, Chumphon is the landing site of the first chronolith.
References
- Journal of Kyoto Seika University No. 27, Part IX
- "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 103. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
