Church of St Alkelda, Giggleswick

The Church of St Alkelda, Giggleswick (historically St Alkald), is an Anglican church in the village of Giggleswick, North Yorkshire, England. St Alkelda's was the mother church for the extended parish of Giggleswick, until the church in Settle was built in 1838, and later became a separate parish.

St Alkelda's Church
Church of St Alkelda, Giggleswick
A church with a lych-gate in the foreground
54.072°N 2.289°W / 54.072; -2.289
OS grid referenceSD813642
LocationGiggleswick, North Yorkshire
CountryEngland
DenominationChurch of England
Weekly attendance40 (2018)
WebsiteOfficial webpage
History
StatusParish church
DedicationAlkelda[note 1]
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architectural typeEarly English
Perpendicular
Specifications
Length132 feet (40 m)
Administration
DioceseLeeds
ArchdeaconryRichmond and Craven
DeaneryBowland and Ewecross
BeneficeSettle
ParishGiggleswick
Clergy
Vicar(s)Reverend Julie Clarkson
Listed Building – Grade I
Designated20 February 1958
Reference no.1157303

The dedication of the church is to a little-known Saxon princess (Alkelda) with connections to a religious site in Middleham, North Yorkshire, with much speculation as to how the dedication arrived at the church in Giggleswick. The church is still in use as a place of worship.

History

A church is believed to have existed on the site of St Alkelda's since Saxon times,[3][4] however, the church that stands today is largely from the 14th and 15th centuries,[5] with alterations and renovations in the late 19th and early 21st centuries.[6] A previous church is believed to have been destroyed by marauding scots c. 1319.[7] The first documented reference to a church in Giggleswick was in 1160, when "Laurentius, persona de Guckilswic", mentioned the site in a letter written to William de Percy.[8] The church is one of only two that are dedicated to St Alkelda in England, the other, is in Middleham, also in North Yorkshire.[9] Alkelda was a Saxon princess who was said to have been strangled by two Danish women during the Viking invasions. The name Alkelda, is said to derive from either Alchhild or Halig Keld, the latter name has been associated with holy springs.[10] Such a spring existed in Giggleswick, being the source of the now drained Giggleswick Tarn.[1][note 2] It is possible that the name Alkelda stems from this spring.[12]

Another possibility is that the church had an early association with the church of the same name at Middleham. Alkelda is believed to have been buried at Middleham, and that the church at Giggleswick became a daughter house of worship to the church there, after the Northumbrian kings took over lands in the Craven area c. 670.[13][note 3]

Records show that the church at Giggleswick was given by Henry de Puteaco in 1200, to the monks at Finchale, near Durham.[15] It was still in the possession of Finchale thirty years before the Dissolution of the Monasteries, where a document indicates that the church belonged to the "prior and convent of Durham".[16]

In 1507, a record indicates the granting of half an acre of land to build "a gramar scole[sic] for boys".[17] Staff and pupils from the adjacent Giggleswick School attended services at the church, even paying for gas to be installed for later afternoon services when their numbers threatened to overwhelm the local population. The renovation of 1880 was paid for with money raised from the current and former pupils at the school.[18] This continued until 1901, when the school opened up its own chapel.[19]

Architecturally, the style of the church ranges between Early English and Perpendicular, being described as "..a spacious and handsome structure in the later English style, with a square embattled tower."[20] Most of the glass in the church dates from the 15th century when it was renovated,[21] but a newer piece was installed in the 2010s. Whilst looking through the parish room, two churchwardens discovered a stained glass window depicting St Alkelda being strangled by a sash held by two priestly hands, whilst she was suspended over water. This was later dated to between 1920 and 1930, but no other provenance came to light. The window was later installed in the church.[22]

The organ, built by Abbott and Smith, was installed in 1892 and extensively renovated in 2005 by a company based in York.[23][24]

The church is linked to the only other Anglican Church dedicated to St Alkelda in Yorkshire, the Church of St Mary and St Alkelda, Middleham, via the 33-mile (53 km) St Alkelda's Way.[25][26]

In 2020, the church gained permission to install solar panels on its roof to help it save energy and reduce its carbon footprint. No objections were raised by official bodies such as Historic England, as the panels are on a roof that cannot be viewed from ground level.[27]

Churchyard

St Alkelda's was the only official burial place for the parish until the early 19th century. Various estimates have concluded that thousands may have been buried there over the intermediate centuries.[4] The TV chat-show host, Russell Harty, was buried in the churchyard in 1988.[28]

Parish and benefice

The first reference to clergy is as far back as 1160, when the parish was in the Diocese of York. In 1836, the parish was transferred into the Diocese of Ripon, before moved again into the Diocese of Bradford, in 1919.[29] In 2014, it was moved into the newer Diocese of West Yorkshire and the Dales.[30] This, in turn, became the Diocese of Leeds in April 2016.[31]

Despite Settle being the main market town in the area, St Alkelda's was always the mother church, until the Church of Holy Ascension was built in Settle in 1838.[32] The ancient parish that St Alkelda's was responsible for, consisted of over 18,500 acres (7,500 ha) and included; Giggleswick, Langcliffe, Rathmell with Wigglesworth, Settle, and Stainforth. Giggleswick was the ecclesiastical parish town until 1851, when Langcliffe was created as its own parish,[12] with the same happening to Settle in 1898.[33][34]

St Alkelda's now serves the smaller ecclesiastical Parish of Giggleswick (parish code 460172), and had a weekly attendance of 40 in 2018.[35]

Clergy
Giggleswick Church, Yorkshire, England (c. 1905)

Records are from Genuki and Whitaker's The history and antiquities of the deanery of Craven, in the county of York.[29][36]

Vicars of St Alkelda's, Giggleswick
Year Incumbent Year Incumbent Year Incumbent Year Incumbent
1230 Walter de Vestario 1441 William Loveday 1631 John Watson 1900 Theodore P Brocklehurst
1276 John 1447 Richard Fulthorpe‡ 1632 Robert Dockray 1933 Guy Walmisley-Dresser
1279 Adam 1485 Hugo Wren‡ 1638 Anthony Lister† 1936 John G Foster
1316 William de Alverton‡ 1493 Christopher Tennant† 1686 Richard Ellershaw 1939 Henry M Foyl
1330 Henry de Lotyngton‡ 1496 Hugo Wren† 1720 Josias Dawson[37] 1955 Edward A J Miller
1335 William de Preston 1507 James Carr 1730 John Claphamson 1973 Martin P Brion
1339 William Stalmyn† 1509 Alan Percy‡[note 4] 1738 Christopher Swainson 1980 James H Richardson
1413 John Holderness♦‡ 1517 Robert Newton 1741 Anthony Lister 1985 G David Rhodes
1414 William Catton† 1546 James Procter‡ 1756 John Thompson 2000–2012 Peter Yorkstone
1425 John Berkheved† 1548 John Nowell[38] 1782 John Clapham‡ *2004 Susan Bentley[note 5]
1428 John Wodhus† 1556 Thomas Abbott† 1839 Rowland Ingram 2012 Hilary Young[40]
1438 William de Hackforth‡ 1576 Christopher Shute†[41] 1853 William H Coulthurst 2019 Julie Clarkson[42]
1440 Christopher Altham 1626 John Brooke 1893 Addison Crofton
  • †Died in office
  • ‡Resigned office
  • ♦Interregnum between incumbent and previous when dates are incorrect, period appears too long or records are incomplete.

Notes
  1. Some sources have St Alkald as the historical dedication.[1] Alkelda is disputed as a Saxon name through its etymology, as female names did not end with an a.[2]
  2. Giggleswick Tarn was supposedly fed by the holy spring, and was large enough to support the needs of a community. In 1863, a 8 feet 2 inches (2.5 m) longboat was discovered on what was believed to be the site of the tarn. The boat was used for fishing.[11]
  3. Edwards suggests that the absence of the name Achhild, Alkelda or other variations from the Liber Vitae Dunelmensis, is evidence that Middleham and Giggleswick did not have close links with Lindisfarne.[14]
  4. Resigned to take up the post of Master of St John's College, Cambridge.
  5. Bentley was the pastor at St James' Episcopal Church in Roanake County, Virginia, US. She and Yorkstone had an exchange of ministries after the two parishes were linked together by the Diocese of Bradford and the Diocese of South West Virginia in the 1980s.[39]

References
  1. "Genuki: GIGGLESWICK: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1868., Yorkshire (West Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  2. Edwards 2004, p. 136.
  3. GCAA 2008, p. 13.
  4. Brayshaw 1884, p. 280.
  5. Historic England. "Church of St Alkelda (Grade I) (1157303)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  6. "The Parishes of Settle, Giggleswick and Rathmell with Wigglesworth" (PDF). leeds.anglican.org. p. 6. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  7. "A tale of two towns: Neighbouring communities have thrived and prospered". infoweb.newsbank.com. 15 October 1999. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  8. Speight 1892, p. 73.
  9. Brayshaw 1884, p. 7.
  10. Edwards 2004, p. 135.
  11. O'Connor, Sonia A. (January 1979). "The Conservation of the Giggleswick Tarn Boat". The Conservator. 3 (1): 36–38. doi:10.1080/01400096.1979.9635668.
  12. Speight 1892, p. 70.
  13. Wood, P N (1996). "On the Little British Kingdom of Craven". Northern History. 32 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1179/007817296790175155. ISSN 0078-172X.
  14. Edwards 2004, p. 138.
  15. Bell 1912, p. 22.
  16. Brayshaw 1884, p. 347.
  17. GCAA 2008, p. 29.
  18. Bell 1912, p. 188.
  19. Bell 1912, p. 205.
  20. "Geddington - Giggleswick | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  21. Whitaker 1805, p. 128.
  22. Kinder, Kathleen (6 June 2019). "Discovery of stained glass window spurs parishioners to create pilgrimage walk". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  23. "Church launches £100, 000 appeal". infoweb.newsbank.com. 30 September 2003. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  24. "Music at St Alkelda's – St Alkelda's". www.stalkeldaschurchgiggleswick.org.uk. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  25. "St Alkelda's Way". www.ldwa.org.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  26. "St Alkelda's Way – St Alkelda's". www.stalkeldaschurchgiggleswick.org.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  27. Mason, Viv (3 September 2020). "Praise for church as it aims to be carbon neutral". Craven Herald. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  28. Alan, Bennett. "Harty, (Fredric) Russell". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40158. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  29. "Genuki: Giggleswick parish:, Yorkshire (West Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  30. "First new diocese since 1929 created in Yorkshire". BBC News. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  31. Davies, Madeleine (15 April 2016). "Leeds diocese drops West Yorkshire alias". The Church Times. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  32. Historic England. "Church of Holy Ascension (Grade II) (1166604)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  33. "Genuki: Giggleswick, Yorkshire (West Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  34. "The Parishes of Settle, Giggleswick and Rathmell with Wigglesworth" (PDF). leeds.anglican.org. p. 4. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  35. "Dashboard for the parish of Giggleswick: St Alkelda in the Deanery of Bowland and Ewecross" (PDF). leeds.anglican.org. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  36. Whitaker 1805, p. 127.
  37. Peile, John (1913). Biographical register of Christ's College, 1505-1905. Volume 2, 1666-1905 and of the earlier foundation, God's house, 1448-1505 (2014 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-107-42606-1.
  38. Howson, William (1850). An illustrated guide to the curiosities of Craven, with a geological introduction; notices of the dialect; a list of the fossils; and a local flora. London: Whitaker & Co. p. 52. OCLC 45638343.
  39. Poindexter, JoAnne (11 August 2006). "Ocean can't divide these churches". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  40. "Congregations in parishes of Giggleswick, Rathmell and Settle say fond farewells to the Rev Hilary Young". Craven Herald. 2 July 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  41. Spence, Victoria (September 2012). "Early Puritan Evangelism in the North: Christopher Shute, Preacher, Puritan and Vicar of Giggleswick in Craven, 1576 to 1626". Northern History. 49 (2): 223–250. doi:10.1179/0078172X12Z.00000000013. S2CID 161982558.
  42. "Appointments". The Church Times. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.

Sources
  • Bell, Edward Allen (1912). A history of Giggleswick School, from its foundation, 1499-1912. Leeds: R Jackson. OCLC 18231432.
  • Brayshaw, Thomas (1884). Churchwardens of Giggleswick, 1683-1883, and related items. Settle. OCLC 12992145.
  • Edwards, Heather (2004). "The saint of Middleham and Giggleswick". Yorkshire Archaeological Journal. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society. 76. ISSN 0084-4276.
  • Giggleswick Conservation Area Appraisal (PDF) (Report). Skipton: Craven District Council. 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  • Speight, Harry (1892). The Craven and North-West Yorkshire Highlands. London: Elliot Stock. OCLC 650329471.
  • Whitaker, Thomas Dunham (1805). The history and antiquities of the deanery of Craven, in the county of York. London: Nichols. OCLC 5861625.
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