Cipangopaludina cathayensis

*Cipangopaludina cathayensis*
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Carbohydrates	3.83 g[9]
Protein
Threonine	2.952 g[9]
Isoleucine	2.026 g
Leucine	5.198 g
Lysine	3.700 g
Methionine	1.145 g
Cystine	1.233 g
Phenylalanine	1.894 g
Tyrosine	2.731 g
Valine	1.894 g
Arginine	4.537 g
Histidine	1.057 g
Alanine	3.524 g
Aspartic acid	6.211 g
Glutamic acid	9.868 g
Glycine	3.340 g
Proline	1.850 g
Serine	2.996 g
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	77.30 g[9]
Crude fat	0.60 g[9]
Crude protein	13.72 g[9]
Crude ash	4.55 g[9]
	Units; μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams; IU = International units;
	†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.

Cipangopaludina cathayensis
	Shell and operculum from type description.
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda; informal group Architaenioglossa
Superfamily:	Viviparoidea
Family:	Viviparidae
Subfamily:	Bellamyinae
Genus:	Cipangopaludina
Species:	C. cathayensis
Binomial name
	Cipangopaludina cathayensis; (Heude, 1890)[2]
Synonyms
	Paludina catayensis Heude, 1890 (orthographic error); Paludina cathayensis Heude, 1890

Cipangopaludina cathayensis is a species of large, freshwater snail with an operculum and a gill, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae, the river snails.

Taxonomy

This species was described under the name Paludina catayensis by French Jesuit Pierre Marie Heude in 1890.[2] Later reviewers treated the specific name catayensis as an orthographic error and changed the specific name to cathayensis.[3] There is high intraspecific variation of shells within the genus Cipangopaludina,[3] so Wilhelm Kobelt (1909)[4] considered this taxon as a subspecies of Vivipara chinensis. Later authors Yen (1943), Liu (1991) and Lu et al (2014)[3] considered this taxon as a separate species.

Distribution

The species has a wide distribution throughout central and southeastern China, occurring in East China (provinces Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi), Northeast China (Jilin), North China (Shanxi, Hebei) and Central China (Henan, Hubei, Hunan).[1]

Description

The width of the shell is 24.3–50.5 mm.[3] The height of the shell is 27.7–58.5 mm.[3] The shell has from five to six whorls.[3] The apex is pointed.[3]

Drawing of an apertural view.

Drawing of an abapertural view.

C. cathayensis has gills and an operculum. The kidney is triple-shaped.[3] The diploid chromosome number of C. cathayensis is 2n=18.[5] The complete mitochondrial genome of Cipangopaludina cathayensis is known since 2014.[6] Its length is 17,157 bp.[6]

Ecology

It inhabits lakes, reservoirs and ponds, as well as grassy paddies, where it clings to aquatic plants.[1]

Each gravid female carries more than 60 embryos inside her.[3] The shell of embryo has three whorls.[3]

The pollutant removal in constructed wetlands with these snails was better, that in constructed wetland without them.[7]

Parasites of Cipangopaludina cathayensis include trematode Aspidogaster conchicola.[8]

Human use

It is used as human food and in the preparation of medicines, and as feed for fish, poultry and livestock.[1] It is also used as a fertilizer.[1]

References

Köhler F., Do V. & Richter K. (2012). "Cipangopaludina cathayensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T166255A1123680. Downloaded on 12 February 2016.
(in French) Heude P. M. (1890). 4: 125[sic]-188, plates 33–43. page 174, plate 39, figure 10. In: (in French) Heude P. M. (1882–1890). "Notes sur les Mollusques terrestres de la vallée du Fleuve Bleu". Mémoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'empire chinois par des pères de la Compagnie de Jésus, Mision Catholique, Chang-Hai.
Lu, H.-F.; Du, L.-N.; Li, Z.-Q.; Chen, X.-Y.; Yang, J.-X. (2014). "Morphological analysis of the Chinese Cipangopaludina species (Gastropoda; Caenogastropoda; Viviparidae)". Zoological Research. 35 (6): 510–527. doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.510. PMC 4790280. PMID 25465086.
(in German) Kobelt W. (1909). "Die Gattung Paludina Lam. (Vivipara Montfort): Neue Folge. In: Abbildungen Nach de Natur mit Beschreibungen". Systematisches Conchylien–Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1(21a): 97-380, plates 15–77, pages 112–113, plate 18, figure 5-6.
Zhou, D.; Zhou, M.; Wu, Z. (1988). "The karyotype of five species of freshwater snails of the family Viviparidae". Acta Zoologica Sinica. 34: 364–370.
Yang H., Zhang J. E., Luo H., Luo M., Guo J., Deng Z. & Zhao B. (2014). "The complete mitochondrial genome of the mudsnail Cipangopaludina cathayensis (Gastropoda: Viviparidae)". Mitochondrial DNA: The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis : 1–3. doi:10.3109/19401736.2014.971274.
Li, P.; Zhang, J.; Xie, H.; Hu, Z.; He, H.; Wang, W. (2015). "Effects of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Cipangopaludina cathayensis on Pollutant Removal and Microbial Community in Constructed Wetlands". Water. 7 (5): 2422–2434. doi:10.3390/w7052422.
Alevs, Philippe V.; Vieira, Fabiano M.; Santos, Cláudia P.; Scholz, Tomáš; Luque, José L. (2015-02-12). "A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World". Zootaxa. 3918 (3): 339–96. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25781098.
(in Chinese) Hanfeng Z. & Jiale L. (2012). 浙江地区 3 种淡水经济贝类的营养成分分析与评价 "Analysis and Evaluation on Nutritional Components of Three Freshwater Mussels from Zhejiang Province". Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 28(2): 78–82. abstract.

External links

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[IUCN_2012-1] Köhler F., Do V. & Richter K. (2012). "Cipangopaludina cathayensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T166255A1123680. Downloaded on 12 February 2016.

[Heude_1890-2] (in French) Heude P. M. (1890). 4: 125[sic]-188, plates 33–43. page 174, plate 39, figure 10. In: (in French) Heude P. M. (1882–1890). "Notes sur les Mollusques terrestres de la vallée du Fleuve Bleu". Mémoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'empire chinois par des pères de la Compagnie de Jésus, Mision Catholique, Chang-Hai.

[Lu_2014-3] Lu, H.-F.; Du, L.-N.; Li, Z.-Q.; Chen, X.-Y.; Yang, J.-X. (2014). "Morphological analysis of the Chinese Cipangopaludina species (Gastropoda; Caenogastropoda; Viviparidae)". Zoological Research. 35 (6): 510–527. doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.510. PMC 4790280. PMID 25465086.

[4] (in German) Kobelt W. (1909). "Die Gattung Paludina Lam. (Vivipara Montfort): Neue Folge. In: Abbildungen Nach de Natur mit Beschreibungen". Systematisches Conchylien–Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1(21a): 97-380, plates 15–77, pages 112–113, plate 18, figure 5-6.

[5] Zhou, D.; Zhou, M.; Wu, Z. (1988). "The karyotype of five species of freshwater snails of the family Viviparidae". Acta Zoologica Sinica. 34: 364–370.

[Yang_2014-6] Yang H., Zhang J. E., Luo H., Luo M., Guo J., Deng Z. & Zhao B. (2014). "The complete mitochondrial genome of the mudsnail Cipangopaludina cathayensis (Gastropoda: Viviparidae)". Mitochondrial DNA: The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis : 1–3. doi:10.3109/19401736.2014.971274.

[7] Li, P.; Zhang, J.; Xie, H.; Hu, Z.; He, H.; Wang, W. (2015). "Effects of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Cipangopaludina cathayensis on Pollutant Removal and Microbial Community in Constructed Wetlands". Water. 7 (5): 2422–2434. doi:10.3390/w7052422.

[8] Alevs, Philippe V.; Vieira, Fabiano M.; Santos, Cláudia P.; Scholz, Tomáš; Luque, José L. (2015-02-12). "A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World". Zootaxa. 3918 (3): 339–96. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25781098.

[Hanfeng_2012-9] (in Chinese) Hanfeng Z. & Jiale L. (2012). 浙江地区 3 种淡水经济贝类的营养成分分析与评价 "Analysis and Evaluation on Nutritional Components of Three Freshwater Mussels from Zhejiang Province". Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 28(2): 78–82. abstract.