Cipriana Álvarez Durán

Cipriana Álvarez Durán (1827–1904) was a Spanish folklorist, writer and painter. She is noted for promoting popular culture and was known in Llerena (Badajoz) as La Mujer de los Cuentos (The Woman of Tales).[1] She was the grandmother of the Spanish poet Antonio Machado.

Cipriana Álvarez Durán
BornElena Cipriana Álvarez
September 16, 1827
Seville, Spain
Died1904
OccupationFolklorist
painter
LanguageSpanish
GenreFolklore
Notable worksLa mano negra, regenerationist literature
Spouse
Antonio Machado Nuñez
​
​
(m. 1844)​
ChildrenAntonio "Demofilo" Machado y Alvarez, Ana Ruiz Hernandez
RelativesAgustín Durán

Biography

Durán was the daughter of Jose Alvarez Guerra, a former soldier and politician, and Cipriana Durán Yanez.[2] For his republican political ideology, her father was exiled to France.[3] He was noted for writing the four-volume Unidad Simbolica under the pseudonym, Un Amigo del Hombre.[3]

Duran was married to Antonio Machado Nuñez in 1844. Durán was 15 years younger than her husband. She gave birth to a son, Antonio "Demofilo" Machado y Alvarez, in Santiago de Compostela.[4] By 1847, her family moved to Seville.[4]

Duran's son, Demofilo

Generations of Durán's family had been interested in the local culture and folklore.[5] This is said to be rooted in the family's nationalism based on "determinism-guided Romanticism".[6] Particularly, her uncle, Agustín Durán, was a major influence in her interest in popular culture and ballads.[6] Among her notable achievements began when she stayed for a long period with her relatives in Llerena, a city experiencing a decline. It is claimed that folklore played an important part in its revival and Durán played a crucial role in this development.[4] Durán along with members of the intellectual elite such as Hernandez de Soto, began collecting popular culture from Llerena's inhabitants. Farmers, laborers, gardeners, and even children served as her sources for works that eventually became part of regenerationist initiatives that encouraged progress, education, literature, arts, and knowledge of local history.[4]

A picture of the infant, Antonio Machado.

In her later life, Durán painted and supported the works of her son Demofilo, who became noted for his folkloric studies that covered the 1860s to the 1890s. These studies linked folklore to questions of national identity and philosophy.[5]

A street in Llerena is named in honor of Durán.[7]

Works

Durán's works on popular tales were published in magazines such as El Folk-lore Andaluz. She also contributed stories to her son's book such as "El barquito de oro, de plata y de seda" and "La sirena". Her grandson also published a number of her unpublished works after her death.

Durán also influenced her grandson Antonio Machado early in his life.[8] She was said to have habitually read Durán's Romancero and Becquer's Leyendas not only to the young Antonio but to his brother Manuel, who also became a noted writer and poet.[9][10]

Publications
  • La mano negra
  • Una rueda de conejos
  • La serpiente de las siete cabezas
  • Las velas
  • Las tres Marías.

References
  1. Hernández, José Martínez. Antonio Machado, un pensador poético (in Spanish). Editorial Almuzara. ISBN 978-84-17954-91-8.
  2. Gies, David Thatcher (1975). Agustín Durán: A Biography and Literary Appreciation. London: Books Limited. pp. xiv. ISBN 0-7293-0000-5.
  3. "El bisabuelo paterno de Antonio Machado, filósofo en Soria y gobernador civil – elige.soria.es". elige.soria.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  4. Cervantes, Mena. "RECEPCION Y APROPIACION DEL FOLKLORE EN UN CONTEXTO LOCAL: CIPRIANA ALVAREZ DURAN EN LLERENA (BADAJOZ)(1)". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-30.
  5. Fernandez-Medina, Nicolas (2011). The Poetics of Otherness in Antonio Machado's 'Proverbios y Cantares'. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7083-2322-9.
  6. Conlon, Joy Margaret Ann (2002). Empire and Emigration: the Representation of the Indiano in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Spanish Literature. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University. p. 187.
  7. "Calle Cipriana Álvarez Durán, Llerena (Llerena)". callejero.openalfa.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  8. Cardwell, Richard (1998). "Antonio Machado and the Search for the Soul of Spain: A Genealogy". Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea. 23 (1/2): 51–79.
  9. Fernandez-Medina, Nicolas (2011). The Poetics of Otherness in Antonio Machado's 'Proverbios y Cantares'. University of Wales Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7083-2323-6.
  10. Fernandez-Medina, Nicolas (2011). The Poetics of Otherness in Antonio Machado's 'Proverbios y Cantares'. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-7083-2322-9.
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