Cladopsammia manuelensis

Cladopsammia manuelensis can be found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and have been observed in a variety of tropical regions off the coasts of Africa and the Americas, where it can mostly be found in the Caribbean. More specifically Cladopsammia manuelensis has been spotted near Curaçao, Aruba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico.[5][2] But notably was not found in the Bonaire and Sint Eustatius regions despite the resemblance between the environments of Curaçao and Bonaire and their close proximity of 40 km.[8] Recently, Cladopsammia manuelensis has also been located off the coast of south Florida, specifically, in the Pourtalès Terrace and Florida Straits areas.[9] Several species of the genus Cladopsammia are also being discovered near the coasts of Korea, Japan, and the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia but C. manuelensis has yet to be located in those regions.[10][11] Nevertheless, the possibility of coming across C. manuelensis in such a region would not be staggering, as much of the ocean has yet to be explored and C. manuelensis has exhibited an ability to adapt and thrive in different environments.[7]

Cladopsammia manuelensis has been observed at a wide range of depths and has been located in both shallow-water reefs and deep-sea reefs, this is a rare ecological trait specific to the Dendrophylliidae family.[12] Since C. manuelensis is an azooxanthellate coral species, they thrive in deep-sea environments, however, due to their versatility, C. manuelensis have been newly discovered to inhabit some shallow water coral reef environments as well.[7] The current depth range for this species in the Atlantic Ocean is 4–366 m: off the western coast of Africa the depth range is 55–150 m and off the coast of the Americas the depth range is 4–366 m. While the depth range of this species off the southeastern coast of Africa is 43–110 m in the Indian Ocean. However, Cladopsammia manuelensis has also been located in shallower reefs ranging from 4–19 m near the Dominican Republic.[5]

A big but simple way to help eliminate the threats against both coral species and other aspects of the planet is to recycle and not litter. Recycling and disposing of trash properly keeps garbage from making its way into the ocean, rivers, estuaries, lakes, and streams, which prevents harmful chemicals and debris from polluting the planet. Another easy way to help protect corals is to save energy and use eco-friendly modes of transportation, both of which limit the use of greenhouse gases and therefore reduce the advance of ocean acidification and rising water temperatures. Reducing water runoff and the use of fertilizer can also make a big impact on the health of coral species, by preventing harmful chemicals from making their way into the ocean and waterways. The easiest thing to do to help protect coral species from ocean acidification, rising water temperatures, pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing practices is, to spread the word about the harmful impacts they have on corals. This unsurprisingly is one of the most beneficial ways to help protect the planet and corals since spreading awareness contributes to the understanding of ways to preserve the planet, as well as, contributes to funding for conservation and research. [13]

If interested in collecting coral for an aquarium, it's best to not buy the real thing, live coral. However, if insistent on having live coral in the accompanying water-type aquarium, then it is suggested to ensure the coral is being collected and transported in a sustainable and ethical approach. If visiting a coral reef or an area with coral species avoid anchoring on top of them and touching the coral at all as coral is brittle and contact will damage or kill the coral and other organisms living in or around them. And lastly, if visiting a coral reef or an area near coral species, wear reef-safe sunscreen, some ingredients in sunscreen will kill and or harm coral species and the organisms that live in or around them.[13]