Clarke Abel

Clarke Abel (5 September 1780 – 24 November 1826)[1] was a British surgeon and naturalist. The standard author abbreviation C. Abel is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[2]

Clarke Abel
Chief Medical Officer and Naturalist of the British Embassy to China
In office
1816–1817
MonarchGeorge III
Personal details
Born5 September 1780
Died24 November 1826
Cawnpore, India
NationalityBritish
OccupationSurgeon, naturalist
Known forAccompanying Lord Amherst on his mission to China, being the first Western scientist to report the presence of the orangutan on the island of Sumatra

He accompanied Lord Amherst on his mission to China in 1816-17 as the embassy's chief medical officer and naturalist, on the recommendation of Sir Joseph Banks. The mission was Britain's second unsuccessful attempt to establish diplomatic relations with China and involved travelling to the Beijing and the famous botanical gardens of Fa Tee (Huadi) near Canton (Fangcun District). While in China, Abel collected specimens and seeds of the plant that carries his name, Abelia chinensis, described by Banks' botanical secretary Robert Brown, "with friendly partiality". However a shipwreck and an attack by pirates on the way back to his home in Britain caused him to lose all of his specimens. Abel's Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, 1818,[3] gives a detailed account of the collection's misfortunes. However, he had left some specimens with Sir George Staunton at Canton, who was kind enough to return them to him; living specimens of the Chinese Abelia that we know today were introduced by Robert Fortune in 1844.[4]

In March 1819 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.[5] He was also a member of the Geological Society.[6]

Abel was the first Western scientist to report the presence of the orangutan on the island of Sumatra; the Sumatran Orangutan Pongo abelii Lesson 1827 is named for him.[7] He went on to become the surgeon-in-chief to Lord Amherst when the earl was appointed Governor-general of India. Abel died at Cawnpore, India, 24 November 1826, aged 46.[8]

Abel was also the first scientist to describe the Chiru or Tibetan Antelope, in 1826. It is the only member of the genus Pantholops.

In 1919, botanist Takenoshin Nakai published Abeliophyllum, which is a genus of shrubs from Korea, in the olive family, Oleaceae. It was named in Clarke Abel's honour.[9] Then in 2010, Landrein published Diabelia, which is a genus of shrubs from China and Korea, in the Caprifoliaceae family.[10]

References
  1. Abel, Clarke (1789-1826). Retrieved 6 February 2021. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  2. International Plant Names Index.  C. Abel.
  3. Abel, Clarke (1818). Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China: And of a Voyage to and from that Country, in the Years 1816 and 1817. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
  4. Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964) 1992, s.v. "Abelia".
  5. "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  6. According to the title page of his Narrative 1818.
  7. Behlens, Bo, Watkins, Michael. and Grayson, Michael Eponym Dictionary of Mammals, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009 ISBN 978-0-801893-04-9. p. 1-2)
  8. Bretschneider, Emil (2011). History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. SEVERUS Verlag. p. 225. ISBN 9783863471651. Retrieved 8 Sep 2016.
  9. "Abeliophyllum Nakai | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  10. "Diabelia Landrein | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  • Diana Wells, 100 Flowers and How They Got their Names, (Chapel Hill: Algonquin), 1997.
  • Alice M. Coats, "The Plant Hunters", (London: Studio Vista Limited), 1969.
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