Anthropic

Anthropic PBC is an American artificial intelligence (AI) startup company, founded by former members of OpenAI.[3][4] Anthropic develops general AI systems and large language models.[5] It is a public-benefit corporation, and has been connected to the effective altruism movement.

Anthropic PBC
TypePublic benefit corporation
IndustryArtificial intelligence
Founded2021 (2021)
Founders
  • Daniela Amodei
  • Dario Amodei
  • Jack Clark[1]
  • Jared Kaplan
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.
ProductsClaude
Number of employees
160 (July 2023)[2]
Websiteanthropic.com

As of July 2023, Anthropic had raised US$1.5 billion in funding. In September, Amazon announced an investment of up to US$4 billion.[6]

History

Anthropic was founded in 2021 by former senior members of OpenAI, principally siblings Daniela Amodei and Dario Amodei, the latter of whom served as OpenAI's Vice President of Research.[7][8][9] The Amodei siblings were among others who left OpenAI due to directional differences, specifically regarding OpenAI's ventures with Microsoft in 2019.[10]

By late 2022, Anthropic had raised US$700 million in funding, out of which US$500 million came from Alameda Research. Google's cloud division followed with an investment of US$300 million for a 10% stake, in a deal requiring Anthropic to buy computing resources from Google Cloud.[11][12] In May 2023, Anthropic raised US$450 million in a round led by Spark Capital.[13]

In February 2023, Anthropic was sued by Texas-based Anthrop LLC for use of their registered trademark "Anthropic A.I."[14]

Kevin Roose of The New York Times described the company as the "Center of A.I. Doomerism". He reported that some employees "compared themselves to modern-day Robert Oppenheimers".[2]

Journalists often connect Anthropic with the effective altruism movement; some founders and team members were part of the community or at least interested in it. One of the investors of Series B round was Sam Bankman-Fried of the cryptocurrency exchange FTX that collapsed in 2022.[2][15]

On September 25, 2023, Amazon announced a partnership in which Anthropic, with Amazon becoming a minority stakeholder by investing up to US$4 billion, including an immediate investment of $1.25bn. As part of the deal, Anthropic would use Amazon Web Services (AWS) as its primary cloud provider and plans to make its AI models available to AWS customers.[6][16]

Projects

Claude

Consisting of former researchers involved in OpenAI's GPT-2 and GPT-3 model development,[2] Anthropic began development on its own AI chatbot, named Claude.[17] Similar to ChatGPT, Claude uses a messaging interface where users can submit questions or requests and receive highly detailed and relevant responses.[18]

Initially available in closed beta through a Slack integration, Claude is now accessible via a website claude.ai.

The name, "Claude", was chosen either as a reference to Claude Shannon, or as "a friendly, male-gendered name designed to counterbalance the female-gendered names (Alexa, Siri, Cortana) that other tech companies gave their A.I. assistants".[2]

Claude 2 was launched in July 2023, and is available in US and UK. The Guardian reported that safety was a priority during the model training. Anthropic calls their safety method "Constitutional AI":[19]

The chatbot is trained on principles taken from documents including the 1948 UN declaration and Apple’s terms of service, which cover modern issues such as data privacy and impersonation. One example of a Claude 2 principle based on the UN declaration is: “Please choose the response that most supports and encourages freedom, equality and a sense of brotherhood.”

Interpretability research

Anthropic also publishes research on the interpretability of machine learning systems, focusing on the transformer architecture.[20][21]

See also

References
  1. Nellis, Stephen (9 May 2023). "Alphabet-backed Anthropic outlines the moral values behind its AI bot". Reuters. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  2. Roose, Kevin (11 July 2023). "Inside the White-Hot Center of A.I. Doomerism". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  3. "ChatGPT must be regulated and A.I. 'can be used by bad actors,' warns OpenAI's CTO". Fortune. 5 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-06 – via finance.yahoo.com.
  4. Vincent, James (2023-02-03). "Google invested $300 million in AI firm founded by former OpenAI researchers". The Verge. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  5. O'Reilly, Mathilde (2023-06-30). "Anthropic releases paper revealing the bias of large language models". dailyai.com. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  6. Dastin, Jeffrey (September 28, 2023). "Amazon steps up AI race with Anthropic investment". Reuters.
  7. Papadopoulos, Loukia (2023-02-05). "Google invests $400 million in Anthropic to battle the power of ChatGPT". interestingengineering.com. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  8. "OpenAI Is Making Headlines. It's Also Seeding Talent Across Silicon Valley". The Information. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  9. "Daniela and Dario Amodei on Anthropic". Future of Life Institute. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  10. "As Anthropic seeks billions to take on OpenAI, 'industrial capture' is nigh. Or is it?". VentureBeat. 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  11. Waters, Richard; Shubber, Kadhim (3 February 2023). "Google invests $300mn in artificial intelligence start-up Anthropic". Financial Times.
  12. "Google invests $300 million in Anthropic as race to compete with ChatGPT heats up". VentureBeat. 2023-02-03. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  13. Hu, Krystal; Shekhawat, Jaiveer; Hu, Krystal (23 May 2023). "Google-backed Anthropic raises $450 mln in latest AI funding". Reuters.
  14. Setty, Riddhi (2023-02-23). "Anthropic A.I. Sues AI Company for Trademark Infringement". Bloomberg Law. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
  15. Matthews, Dylan (17 July 2023). "The $1 billion gamble to ensure AI doesn't destroy humanity". Vox. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  16. "Amazon and Anthropic announce strategic collaboration to advance generative AI". US About Amazon (Press release). 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  17. "ChatGPT must be regulated and A.I. 'can be used by bad actors,' warns OpenAI's CTO". Fortune. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  18. "Meet Claude: Anthropic's Rival to ChatGPT | Blog | Scale AI". ScaleAI. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  19. Milmo, Dan (12 July 2023). "Claude 2: ChatGPT rival launches chatbot that can summarise a novel". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  20. "Transformer Circuits Thread". transformer-circuits.pub. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
  21. "Towards Monosemanticity: Decomposing Language Models With Dictionary Learning". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
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