Clithon spinosum

Clithon spinosum is a species of brackish water and freshwater snail with an operculum, a nerite. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

Clithon spinosum
Clithon spinosum shells
Not evaluated (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Neritimorpha
clade Cycloneritimorpha
Superfamily:
Neritoidea
Family:
Neritidae
Subfamily:
Neritinae
Tribe:
Theodoxini
Genus:
Clithon
Species:
C. spinosum
Binomial name
Clithon spinosum
Synonyms[2]

Neritina spinosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1825 (original combination)
Clithon spinosus [sic] (incorrect gender ending)
Neritina undata Lamarck, 1822
Neritina inermis Martens, 1878

Distribution

Distribution of Clithon spinosum include Indo-Pacific and it ranges from New Guinea[3] and south-eastern Asia and eastern Asia to Marquesas.[4] It also occurs in Japan,[5] New Georgia,[6] Fiji[3] and Tahiti[3] and in French Polynesia including the following Society Islands: Tahiti, Mo'orea, Raiatea, Huahine.[4]

Description

There are always spines on its shell.[3] Spines are long and thin and they are directed rearward.[7] The width of the shell is 15–20 mm.[8]

Ecology

Clithon spinosum is a dioecious (it has two separate sexes) and amphidromous snail.[4] Adults live in freshwater and larvae are marine.[4] Larvae are long-lived planktotrophs.[4] Adults prefer boulders and cobbles over granules as a substrate.[7][5] They were found mainly on bottom of rocks in aquaria and in situ.[7] They are reported from altitude 0–10 m a.s.l.[7] They can reach densities up to 57.0 ± 17.3 snails per square meter of a stream.[7] Adults can survive 8 hours in seawater (longer exposure was not tested).[7]

It is not used as food source by humans.[4]

References
  1. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 06 September 2016.
  2. Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2016). Clithon spinosum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=737522 on 2016-09-06
  3. Haynes A. (1988). "Notes on the stream neritids (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) of Oceania". Micronesica 21: 93–102. PDF.
  4. Myers M. J., Meyer C. P. & Resh V. H. (2000). "Neritid and thiarid gastropods from French Polynesian streams: how reproduction (sexual, parthenogenetic) and dispersal (active, passive) affect population structure". Freshwater Biology 44(3): 535–545. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00599.x.
  5. Blanco J. F. & Scatena F. N. (2007). "The spatial arrangement of Neritina virginea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) during upstream migration in a split‐channel reach". River Research and Applications 23(3): 235–245. PDF.
  6. Haynes A. (1990). "The numbers of freshwater gastropods on Pacific islands and the theory of island biogeography". Malacologia 31: 237-248.
  7. Liu H. T. T. & Resh V. H. (1997). "Abundance and microdistribution of freshwater gastropods in three streams of Moorea, French Polynesia". International Journal of Limnology 33(4): 235–244. doi:10.1051/limn/1997022.
  8. Tryon G. W. (1888–1889) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Volume 10, 322 pp., 69 plates. page 63, plate 23, figure 6–7.

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