Cochiti Dam

The Cochiti Dam is an earthen fill dam located on the Rio Grande in Sandoval County, New Mexico, approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the United States. By volume of material, it is the 23rd largest dam in the world at 62,849,000 yd3 (48,052,000 m3) of material,[1] one of the ten largest such dams in the United States,[2] and the eleventh largest such dam in the world.[3] Cochiti Dam is one of the four United States Army Corps of Engineers projects for flood and sediment control on the Rio Grande system, operating in conjunction with Abiquiu Dam, Galisteo Dam and Jemez Canyon Dam.

Cochiti Dam
Cochiti Dam from lake side
Official nameCochiti Dam
LocationCochiti Pueblo, Sandoval County, New Mexico, USA
Coordinates35.6107°N 106.3132°W / 35.6107; -106.3132
Construction began1965
Opening date1973
Operator(s)United States Army Corps of Engineers
Dam and spillways
ImpoundsRio Grande
Height251 ft (76.5 m)
Length29,040 ft (8,852 m)
Width (base)1,760 ft (536.4 m)
Reservoir
CreatesCochiti Lake
Total capacity718,019 acre-feet (885,663,000 m3)
Active capacity49,359 acre-feet (60,883,000 m3)

Description
A view of the shoreline of Cochiti Lake, impounded by Cochiti Dam

Cochiti Dam is primarily a flood control dam built to ameliorate the effects of heavy runoff. The dam and the resultant lake also had the secondary purposes of creating recreational and wildlife habitat resources. The outlet works of the dam have an outflow capacity of 14,790 feet3/s (418.8 m3/s).[4]

Cochiti Dam is operated to bypass all inflow to the lake to the extent that downstream channel conditions are capable of safely bypassing the flow. Flood-control operations are initiated when inflow to the lake is in excess of the downstream channel capacity. Stored floodwaters are released when downstream channel conditions permit, all in accordance with the provisions of Public Law 86-645 and the Rio Grande Compact.[5]

Cochiti Dam marks the beginning of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District (MRGCD), Cochiti Division. It controls runoff water from an 11,695 square miles (30,290 km2) drainage area.[6]

History
Outlet flow at Cochiti Dam in 2002

Cochiti Dam was authorized under the Flood Control Act of 1960 for a construction cost of US$94.4 million.[7] The act was further amended in 1964 to allocate water resources for the development of fish and wildlife resources as well as recreational resources. 50,000 acre-feet (62,000,000 m3) of water was allocated under this amendment for initial pool fill and sufficient resources were allocated to offset annual evaporation losses. This water was to come from water previously diverted into the Rio Grande system by Public Law 87-843 of 1962[8] from water in the Colorado River basin via the San Juan–Chama Project across the Continental Divide.

The dam was one of the projects proposed in 1966 for nuclear quarrying projects under Project Travois, a component of Project Plowshare. After a proposed project for quarrying at Buchanan Dam in California was abandoned, Cochiti Dam was the next project to be considered for the use of nuclear explosives to create large amounts of rockfill aggregate. Since the Cochiti project was already underway by this time, the proposal was abandoned, and considerations moved to damsites in Idaho and Oregon.[9][10]

Construction began in 1965. Impoundment of water in Cochiti Lake began in 1973.[11] Archaeological surveys were made prior to filling of the lake.[12] The filling of the lake inundated the Cochiti Diversion Dam which had previously been used for irrigation purposes, and which had been rehabilitated by the United States Bureau of Reclamation in 1958 as part of the Middle Rio Grande Project.[13] The new dam replaced this functionality.

Construction of the dam was opposed by the Cochiti Keres Pueblo people, who lost significant tracts of agricultural land as a result of the construction and subsequent pool filling. The Cochiti Keres filed a lawsuit against the Army Corps of Engineers regarding the inundation of their lands, winning the suit. In 2001, the Army Corps of Engineers made a public apology to the Cochiti Keres .[6]

Cochiti Lake

Cochiti Lake has maintained a permanent recreation pool of approximately 62,000,000 m3 (50,000 acre⋅ft) since the dam was completed. The permanent pool, which includes an intermittent pond in the arm of the Santa Fe River, provides sediment control benefits, trapping about 1,200,000 m3 (970 acre⋅ft) of sediment per year. The permanent pool was established by and is maintained by San Juan-Chama Project water. The remaining capacity of the reservoir, totaling about 672,000,000 m3 (545,000 acre⋅ft), is reserved for flood and sediment control. The elevation of the lake at surface of the normal pool is 5,335 ft (1626 m) above sea level.[14]

There are two public recreation areas on the lake, one on the west side of the lake at Cochiti Recreation Area and one on the east at Tetilla Peak Recreation Area.[15] Other lands around the lake are owned by and are part of the Pueblo de Cochiti Indian Reservation and are not open to the public. A visitor center is open to the public near the park headquarters. Fishing is permitted on the lake, with smallmouth bass and northern pike species among other species being available.[16] Cochiti Lake is a no-wake lake, and boats are restricted to trolling speeds.[17]

References
  1. World's Largest Dams
  2. "Cochiti Lake". Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  3. "Facility Details - Cochiti Area, New Mexico - Recreation.gov". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  4. Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model Physical Model Documentation: Third Technical Review Committee Draft Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine (2005), 78.
  5. Ibid., 79.
  6. "Cochiti Dam and Reservoir". Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
  7. Cochiti Dam, NM
  8. LAW RELATING TO INDIAN AFFAIRS, 1002.
  9. Beck, Colleen M.; Edwards, Susan R.; King, Maureen L. (2011-09-01). "Project Travois". The Off-Site Plowshare and Vela Uniform Programs: Assessing Potential Environmental Liabilities through an Examination of Proposed Nuclear Projects,High Explosive Experiments, and High Explosive Construction Activities (Report). Vol. 1. pp. 3-259–3-262. doi:10.2172/1046575.
  10. Yoman, John (May 1970). "Summary of Nuclear-Excavation Applications". Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives (PDF) (Report). p. 262.
  11. Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model Physical Model Documentation Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, 35.
  12. Mathien, Frances Joan; Steen, Charlie R.; Allen, Craig D. (1993). The Pajarito Plateau: A bibliography (PDF). Professional Paper. Southwest Cultural Resources Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-19.
  13. "Middle Rio Grande Project". Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  14. Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model Physical Model Documentation Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, 79.
  15. Welcome to the US Army Corps of Engineers Cochiti Lake Recreation Area Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
  16. "NMDGF - Fishing Report". Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  17. http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/documents/fishing/2006/fishing_rib_06-07.pdf Archived 2007-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, 6.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cochiti Dam.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.