Rain and Snow

"Rain and Snow", also known as "Cold Rain and Snow" (Roud 3634),[1] is an American folksong and in some variants a murder ballad.[2] The song first appeared in print in Olive Dame Campbell and Cecil Sharp's 1917 compilation English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians, which relates that it was collected from Mrs. Tom Rice in Big Laurel, North Carolina in 1916. The melody is pentatonic.[3]

"Rain and Snow" as collected by Olive Dame Campbell and Cecil Sharp, 1917.

Campbell and Sharp's version collected only a single verse:

Lord, I married me a wife,
She gave me trouble all my life,
Made me work in the cold rain and snow.
Rain and snow, rain and snow,
Made me work in the cold rain and snow.

Standard references

Origin

In 1965, Dillard Chandler recorded a graphic murder ballad version of the song that ends with the wife being shot by the husband. According to the liner notes on Chandler's album, Chandler learned the song from Berzilla Wallin, who said that the song related to a murder that had occurred in Madison County, North Carolina:

Well, I learned it from an old lady which says she was at the hanging of – which was supposed to be the hanging, but they didn't hang him. They give him 99 long years for the killing of his wife... I heard the song from her in 1911. She was in her 50s at that time. It did happen in her girlhood... when she was a young girl... She lived right here around in Madison County. It happened here between Marshall and Burnsville; that's where they did their hanging at that time – at Burnsville, North Carolina. That's all I know, except they didn't hang the man.'[2]

Subsequent performances have elaborated a variety of additional verses and variants beyond the single verse presented by Campbell and Sharp. Several verses consistently appear. Some sources for lyrics that appear in some later versions may be from Dock Boggs's 1927 song "Sugar Baby" (Roud 5731),[1] another lament of a henpecked husband, which may have contributed a line about "red apple juice".[4] A British folksong, The Sporting Bachelors (Roud 5556),[1] contains similar themes, but was collected in the 1950s.[2][5] Earlier possible precursors include a series of broadside ballads on the general subject of "Woeful Marriage"; one frequently reprinted nineteenth-century example begins with the words "On Monday night I married a wife", (Roud 1692).[1][6]

These British antecedents mostly share common themes and inspirations; the song originated in the local tradition of Big Laurel, Madison County, and relate to a nameless murderer who committed the crime at some time between the end of the Civil War and the end of the nineteenth century. A recent origin is also suggested by the relatively limited number of variations on the tune; most performances use the Campbell-Sharp melody as written.[2]

Despite the apparent violence of the lyrics, women feature prominently in the oral tradition of the song. It was collected from "Mrs. Tom Rice", and sung by Berzilla Wallin, who learned it from "an old lady" who remembered the murder trial the song was about.'[7]

Variants and performances
Made me work in the cold rain and snow.
Painting by Cornelius Krieghoff.

The song is closely associated with the Grateful Dead; a studio version appeared on their first album The Grateful Dead (1967), and the song was a standard part of the Dead's repertoire throughout their career. They would often open with the song, or perform it early in the first set.[2] Unlike Chandler's recording, in the Dead's version of the lyrics the husband generally laments his mistreatment at his greedy wife's hands, but does not kill her. The lyrics from the Grateful Dead's version were adapted from an earlier recording by Obray Ramsey.[2]

Towards the end of his life, Benjamin Britten orchestrated the one-verse 1917 version of the song; this appears as the first section "Lord I married me a wife" of his Eight Folk Song Arrangements from 1976.[8]

The song became a part of the bluegrass music tradition, and was recorded by Bill Monroe and also by the Del McCoury Band.[9]

Other performers who have recorded the song include Peter Rowan with Tony Rice (on the Quartet album),[10] Sam Amidon, Pentangle,[11] Molly Tuttle,[12] Rose Laughlin, Betsy Rutherford[13][14] and the Be Good Tanyas.[7]

References
  1. "Vaughan Williams Memorial Library". Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  2. Blackman, Patrick (September 10, 2012). "Cold Rain and Snow". Sing Out!. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  3. Campbell, Olive; Sharp, Cecil (1917). English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians. Putnam's. p. 214.
  4. Dock Boggs; Greil Marcus, liner notes (1927). Country Blues: Complete Early Recordings (Phonorecord). Revenant Records.
  5. Anon. "Sporting Bachelors". mudcat.org. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  6. "Allegro Catalogue of Ballads". Bodleian Library. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  7. Blackman, Patrick (September 14, 2012). "I ain't gonna be treated this way… "Rain and Snow," Part 2". Sing Out!. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  8. Benjamin Britten, composer; Keith Anderson, liner notes (July 2005). BRITTEN: Folk Song Arrangements, Vol. 2 (English Song, Vol. 13) (CD). Naxos.
  9. McGuinn, Roger (August 1, 2015). "Cold Rain and Snow". Roger McGuinn's Folk Den. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  10. and Molly Tuttle, who created her own version of the final verse. "Peter Rowan Discography". Retrieved 2016-06-25.
  11. Pentangle. Reflection. Transatlantic (UK) / Reprise (US), 1971
  12. "YouTube - Molly Tuttle - 'Cold Rain and Snow' (Cover) | #UnderTheAppleTree". YouTube.
  13. "Rain and Snow by Betsy Rutherford - YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
  14. "Betsy Rutherford-Traditional Country Music". Cornbread, Molasses & Sassafras Tea - Folk and Vernacular Music. 4 April 2011. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
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