Cold Synagogue, Minsk

The Cold Synagogue (Yiddish: די קאַלטע שול, Belarusian: Халодная сінагога) was a masonry synagogue located in the center of Minsk on what is now Niamiha Street. It was not used as a place of study and therefore was not heated, which is why it received the name "Cold".[1] The synagogue is considered the oldest in Minsk.[2]

Cold Synagogue
Yiddish: די קאַלטע שול
Religion
AffiliationJudaism
Location
LocationMinsk, Minsk Region, Belarus
Cold Synagogue, Minsk is located in Belarus
Cold Synagogue, Minsk
Cold Synagogue in Minsk
Geographic coordinates53°54′16″N 27°33′11″E
Architecture
Completed1570
Destroyed1965

History

The building was erected in 1570, though it is assumed that it housed an Orthodox church,[2][3] and only in 1796 the building was bought by the Jewish community, rebuilt and renovated. However, in architectural terms, this structure was originally characteristic of synagogues of that era.

The building was in the Romanesque style.[4]

In 1930, the synagogue was closed.[3]

In 1944, after the liberation of Minsk from the German occupation, the synagogue was again handed over to believing Jews for a short time.[3]

In 1965, the synagogue, although a protected monument, was demolished on the order of Petr Masherov, the leader of Soviet Byelorussia.[5] The destruction occurred as part of the reconstruction of this district of Minsk.[3][2] The destruction was attributable both to state antisemitism in Soviet Union as well as a more general disregard by Soviet authorities in 1950s and 1960s for historic preservation:[5] much of Old Town Minsk was destroyed in the 1960s reconstruction of Minsk in a socialist urban style.[4] The old synagogue building was next to the planned site for the Belarusian State Institute for Industrial Design.[4]

  • Schemes of the building
  • Cross-section, 1881
    Cross-section, 1881
  • Detailed plans, 1881
    Detailed plans, 1881
  • Ground floor plan, made in 1954 during the reconstruction
    Ground floor plan, made in 1954 during the reconstruction
  • Photos
  • Photo made between 1901-1918
    Photo made between 1901-1918
  • Aerial photo of the district with the synagogue at its center, 1941
    Aerial photo of the district with the synagogue at its center, 1941
  • The synagogue near the newly built Institute, 1960s
    The synagogue near the newly built Institute, 1960s

See also

References
  1. "CИНАГОГИ В МИНСКЕ". Виртуальный штетл. Archived from the original on 2017-02-09.
  2. "ГІСТРЫЧНАЯ ЗАБУДОВА XVI-XIX СТАГОДДЗЯЎ ВУЛІЦА ШКОЛЬНАЯ І ШКОЛЬНЫ ДВОР". spadchina.by.
  3. "Синагоги". minsk-old-new.com. Минск старый и новый. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  4. Natallia Linitskaya, "Society and Space in (Post-)Socialist Cities: Directions in Research" in Materializing Identities in Socialist and Post-socialist Cities (eds Jaroslav Ira & Jiří Janáč: Karolinum Press, 2017), p. 54.
  5. Vladimir Levin, "Jewish Cultural Heritage in the USSR and after Its Collapse" in Becoming Post-Communist: Jews and the New Political Cultures of Russia and Eastern Europe (ed. Eli Lederhendler: Oxford University Press, 2023), p. 97.
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