Colemanite
Colemanite (Ca2B6O11·5H2O)[6] or (CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O)[4] is a borate mineral found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrine environments. Colemanite is a secondary mineral that forms by alteration of borax and ulexite.[3]
| Colemanite | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Inoborates |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Ca2B6O11·5H2O |
| IMA symbol | Cole[1] |
| Strunz classification | 6.CB.10 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | P21/a |
| Unit cell | a = 8.712(2) Å, b = 11.247(3) Å, c = 6.091(1) Å; β = 110.12°; Z = 4 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless, white, yellowish, grey |
| Crystal habit | Massive granular to coarsely crystalline, most commonly nodular. |
| Cleavage | [010] perfect, [001] distinct |
| Fracture | Brittle uneven to subconchoidal |
| Mohs scale hardness | 4.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Specific gravity | 2.42 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.586 nβ = 1.592 nγ = 1.614 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.028 |
| Fusibility | 1.5 |
| Diagnostic features | Exfoliates on heating, produces a green flame |
| Other characteristics | Bright pale yellow fluorescence, may phosphoresce pale green; pyroelectric and piezoelectric at very low temperature. |
| References | [2][3][4][5][6] |
It was first described in 1884 for an occurrence near Furnace Creek in Death Valley and was named after William Tell Coleman (1824–1893), owner of the mine "Harmony Borax Works" where it was first found.[4] At the time, Coleman had alternatively proposed the name "smithite" instead after his business associate Francis Marion Smith.[7]
Uses
Colemanite is an important ore of boron, and was the most important boron ore until the discovery of kernite in 1926. It has many industrial uses, like the manufacturing of heat resistant glass.[8]
References
- Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- Schorn, Stefan; et al. (2021). "Colemanit (Colemanite)". Mineralienatlas.
- Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S., Jr. (1993). Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana) (21st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 422. ISBN 047157452X.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Colemanite, Mindat.org, retrieved 30 December 2021
- "Colemanite mineral data". Webmineral. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
- Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Colemanite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy.
- Hildebrand, GH. (1982) Borax Pioneer: Francis Marion Smith. San Diego: Howell-North Books. p 31 ISBN 0-8310-7148-6
- "Nitrates". Simon & Schuster's Guide to Rocks and Minerals. Simon & Schuster. 1977. p. entry 111. ISBN 978-0-671-24417-0.
External links
- Spencer, Leonard James (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 665.
- "Death Valley - Historic Resource Study - A History of Mining".