Coleopsis

Coleopsis archaica is an extinct species of stem-group beetle. It is the only member of the genus Coleopsis and family Coleopsidae. It is known from a single specimen from the Early Permian (Asselian) of western Germany, estimated to be about 297 million years old. It is currently the oldest known beetle.

Coleopsis
Temporal range:
Holotype fossil showing part (A) counterpart (C) and virtually combined (B)
Interpretive drawing of the part (A) counterpart (C) and combined (B)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: †Protocoleoptera
Superfamily: †Tshekardocoleoidea
Family: †Coleopsidae
Kirejtshuk & Nel, 2016[1]
Genus: †Coleopsis
Kirejtshuk et al., 2014[2]
Species:
†C. archaica
Binomial name
†Coleopsis archaica
Kirejtshuk et al., 2014
Synonyms

Coleopseidae Kirejtshuk, 2020 (Unj. Emend.)

Taxonomy and systematics

While originally interpreted as a member of the family Tshekardocoleidae, this interpretation has been revised and questioned, with the most recent analyses suggesting that it is best placed in its own family, and may be the sister group to all other beetles.[3] The family name was originally published in 2016 as "Coleopsidae" but a later publication claimed that this spelling was erroneous and proposed the spelling "Coleopseidae";[4] however, under the ICZN, Article 29.4, family-rank names originally published after 1999 are not subject to emendation because of incorrect spelling, so Coleopsidae would be maintained as the correct original spelling.[note 1]

References
  1. Kirejtshuk AG, Nel A (2016) Origin of the Coleoptera and significance of the fossil record. Euroasian Entomological Journal 15(1): 66–73.
  2. Kirejtshuk AG, Poschmann M, Prokop J, Garrouste R, Nel A (2014) Evolution of the elytral venation and structural adaptations in the oldest Palaeozoic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tshekardocoleidae). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12(5): 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2013.821530
  3. Schädel M, Yavorskaya M, Beutel R (2022) The earliest beetle †Coleopsis archaica (Insecta: Coleoptera) – morphological re-evaluation using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and phylogenetic assessment. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 80: 495-510. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86582
  4. Kirejtshuk, A.G. Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea. Geosciences 2020, 10, 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020073

Notes
  1. ICZN Code 29.4. Acceptance of originally formed stem. If after 1999 a new family-group name is based on a generic name which is or ends in a Greek or Latin word or ends in a Greek or Latin suffix, but its derivation does not follow the grammatical procedures of Articles 29.3.1 or 29.3.2, its original spelling must be maintained as the correct original spelling
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