Coleps

Coleps is a genus of ciliates in the class Prostomatea with barrel-shaped bodies surrounded by regularly arranged plates composed of calcium carbonate.[2]

Coleps
Coleps sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
SAR
(unranked):
Alveolata
Phylum:
Ciliophora
Class:
Prostomatea
Order:
Prorodontida
Family:
Colepidae
Genus:
Coleps

Conjugation of two Coleps sp.
Two similar-looking but sexually distinct partners connected at their front ends exchange genetic material via a plasma bridge.

Description

Species of Coleps can grow up to 250 µm in length, but are usually under 100 µm in their longest axis.[2] Coleps can be taxonomically distinguished by the ornamentation of the ectoplasmic plates which make up their test.[2] These plates are located outside alveolar vesicles of the cell cortex, and contain both organic and inorganic components, the latter of which is mostly amorphous calcium carbonate.[3]

Predatory behavior

Coleps feeds on bacteria, algae, flagellates, living and dead ciliates, animal and plant tissues.[4] Coleps uses toxicysts, which are organelles containing poison that it uses to capture its prey from its oral area. It extrudes tube-like structures to force toxicysts into its prey and wait until its prey becomes paralyzed. These toxicysts, however, takes about 5–10 minutes to be effective on the prey of the Coleps and it separates itself from the prey during this time.[4] If there are numerous Coleps hunting for the same prey, some Coleps will cling to its prey until the toxicysts become effective and fragment the prey, consuming only a few parts.[4]

References
  1. In Allgemeine Encyclopädie (Ersch-Gruber), 1827
  2. Carey, Philip G. (1992). Marine Interstitial Ciliates : An Illustrated Key. London ; New York: Chapman Hall. pp. 44–47. ISBN 0-412-40610-1.
  3. Lemloh, Marie-Louise; Marin, Frédéric; Herbst, Frédéric; Plasseraud, Laurent; Schweikert, Michael; Baier, Johannes; Bill, Joachim; Brümmer, Franz (2013). "Genesis of amorphous calcium carbonate containing alveolar plates in the ciliate Coleps hirtus (Ciliophora, Prostomatea)". Journal of Structural Biology. 181 (2): 155–161. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2012.12.001. PMID 23228488.
  4. Buonanno, Federico; Anesi, Andrea; Guella, Graziano (January 2014). "Chemical Offense by Means of Toxicysts in the Freshwater Ciliate, Coleps hirtus". Eukaryotic Microbiology. 61 (3): 293–304. doi:10.1111/jeu.12106. PMID 24512001. S2CID 206054080.

Further reading
Coleps sp., early (left) and late (right) phase of cell division


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