Lilium columbianum

Lilium columbianum is a lily native to western North America.[2][3] It is also known as the Columbia lily, Columbia tiger lily, or simply tiger lily (sharing the latter common name with several other lily species in its genus).

Lilium columbianum
Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Lilium
Species:
L. columbianum
Binomial name
Lilium columbianum
Leichtlin 1871 not Hanson 1874
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy
  • Lilium canadense var. minus Alph.Wood
  • Lilium canadense var. walkeri Alph.Wood
  • Lilium californicum Duch.
  • Lilium sayi Nutt. ex Duch.
  • Lilium canadense var. californicum (Duch.) Bol.
  • Lilium parviflorum (Hook.) W.G.Sm.
  • Lilium lucidum Kellogg
  • Lilium nitidum W.Bull ex Baker
  • Lilium bakeri Purdy
  • Lilium purdyi Waugh

Distribution and habitat

Lilium columbianum occurs in lowland and montane forest openings and meadows from southern British Columbia in Canada south to northern California and east to Montana in the northwestern United States.[2][4] Mostly occurring below 2,000 m (6,600 ft), it usually blooms in June through early August.[2] There are a few isolated populations at high elevations in the Sierra Nevada as far south as Fresno County.[5][6]

Description

Lilium columbianum is a perennial herb[7] that grows up to 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) tall, and bears from few to numerous orange flowers with darker spots. The tepals are 3 to 6 cm long and the flowers are lightly scented. Like many true lilies, the leaves are arranged in whorls around the stem of the plant.[8][9][10][5][11]

Uses

Food

Coast Salish, Nuu-chah-nulth and most western Washington peoples steamed, boiled or pit-cooked its bulbs. Bitter or peppery-tasting, they were mostly used as a flavoring, often in soup with meat or fish.[12]

Horticulture

From seed, Lilium columbianum requires three to five years to mature. Cultivated bulbs can be divided or bulb scales may be used to generate new plants more quickly.[13]

  • Lilium columbianum flower, from a garden in Scotland.
    Lilium columbianum flower, from a garden in Scotland.
  • Columbia Lily Buds
    Columbia Lily Buds
  • Lilium columbianum by creek
    Lilium columbianum by creek
  • Lilium columbianum anthers
    Lilium columbianum anthers
  • Lilium columbianum in burned area
    Lilium columbianum in burned area
  • The fruit is an erect capsule that is generally smooth and contains numerous flat seeds in six stacks.
    The fruit is an erect capsule that is generally smooth and contains numerous flat seeds in six stacks.
  • Lilium columbianum bud & flowers, at 7000 ft in Sierra Nevada
    Lilium columbianum bud & flowers, at 7000 ft in Sierra Nevada

References
  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Lilium columbianum". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  3. "Lilium columbianum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  4. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  5. "Lilium columbianum". Jepson eFlora: Taxon page. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  6. Calflora taxon report, Lilium columbianum Baker Columbia lily, Columbian lily, Oregon lily
  7. "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  8. "Lilium columbianum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
  9. Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). "Lilium columbianum". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  10. Giblin, David, ed. (2015). "Lilium columbianum". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  11. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur (1973). Flora of the Pacific Northwest; an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0295952733.
  12. Pojar, Jim (2004). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing. ISBN 9781551055305.
  13. Kruckeberg, Arthur R. (1996). Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest: Second Edition. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295974767.
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