Book discussion club

Though women had formed Bible study groups since the 1600s, it wasn't until the late 1700s that secular reading circles emerged in both America and Europe.[1] Reading circles were not limited to particular races or classes, with one of the first reading groups for Black women being formed in Lynn, Massachusetts in 1827.[1] Throughout the 1800s, women’s reading circles expanded, with some becoming outspoken on social issues such as abolition—foreshadowing the club movement of the end of that century.[1] Well into the 1900s, book clubs continued to serve as both an intellectual outlet and a radical political tool.[1]

In the first half of the 20th century, women continued to be barred from many top universities.[1] This time period was the heyday of the Book of the Month Club and the Great Books movement, both of which encouraged average Americans to take on hefty literary novels.[1]

Women’s chief role in founding the modern book club—a consequence of being marginalized from other intellectual spaces—has gone on to influence the book industry, with women accounting for 80 percent of fiction sales.[1] Author Toni Morrison called the 1996 launch of the Oprah's Book Club the beginning of a "reading revolution"; in its first three years, books Oprah chose averaged sales of 1.4 million copies each.[1]

Sociologist Christy Craig said that women have turned to book clubs to construct social networks and important partnerships, especially in times of upheaval.[1]

A 2018 BookBrowse survey found that 88% of private book clubs are all-women groups, but almost half of public groups—such as those hosted by libraries—include men.[2] The survey found that 70% of book clubs primarily read fiction, though 93% read nonfiction at least occasionally.[2]

A single-title club is one in which people discuss a particular title that every person in the group has read at the same time, often with each member buying a personal copy. Clearly, the club must somehow decide ahead of time what that title will be. Some groups may decide to choose new release titles, whilst others may choose older ones, or a mixture of the two. If it is a book discussion club that meets at a library, then each member may borrow a copy of the book from the library over a given timeframe in order for a later discussion.

There may be a few problems with these clubs. Some members may regard them as opportunities to meet people for social contact and general conversation, partially veering off onto a wide variety of non-literary topics, while others wish to engage in serious literary analysis focused on the book in question and related works, with little non-literary interaction. Additionally, some members may suggest a book not because they are interested in it from a literary point-of-view but because they think it will offer them an opportunity to make points of personal interest to them or fit an external agenda. Also, different expectations and education/skill levels may lead to conflicts and disappointments in clubs of this kind.

The characteristics of a multi-title club are such that each member may be reading different titles from each other at any given time, and they may share a reading list for a period of time. What distinguishes this from any group of unrelated people reading different things from each other is that each title is expected to be read by the next member in a serial fashion.

Many public libraries lead book clubs as a library program on a regular basis. A librarian usually leads a discussion after participants read the book. Copies of the book are available to either be checked out or signed out for the group meeting. If leading a book discussion group outside of the facility, often libraries offer book discussion kits where several titles of a book are able to be loaned out of the library to a single patron. Also, the lending period is typically longer than for the average book. The kits also contains a suggested reading guide with discussion questions. This is a convenience as everyone in the group is not forced to buy a copy of the book.[3]

Librarians also aid in the procurement of items needed for private book club meetings. They are able to withhold multiple copies of a publication and extend loan periods. They are also able to facilitate club meetings digitally, through discussion boards or video meetings. Many librarians note the positive influence of Google+ hangouts and Skype to host meetings for long distance club members and for times in which all members could not attend the club. Librarians have helped non-traditional book clubs find footing within their community.[4]

An online book club is a book club that utilizes online methods of communication. Online clubs exist in the shape of Internet forums, Yahoo Groups, e-mail mailing lists, dedicated websites, and even telephone conference calls. Also, in the category of social networks, these online clubs are made up of members of a variety of reading interests and often approach book discussion in different ways, e.g. academic discussion, pleasure-reading discussion, personal connection, and reaction to books members read.

In 2012, a new book club format referred to as author-led book clubs was introduced by Business Book Club "12 Books." Author led book clubs include the author of the current book as part of the discussion; it often concludes the discussion with a live conference call or webinar.

A broadcast club is one in which a television, radio, or podcast show features a regular segment that presents a discussion of a book. The segment is announced in advance so that viewers or listeners may read the book prior to the broadcast discussion. Some notable broadcast book discussion clubs include:

• "Oprah's Book Club", a segment of the American television show The Oprah Winfrey Show hosted by Oprah Winfrey
• "Book Club of the Air", a segment of NPR's American radio show Talk of the Nation hosted by Ray Suarez
• "Good Morning America Book Club", a segment of ABC's American television show Good Morning America
• "Despierta Leyendo (Wake Up Reading)", a segment of Univision's American Spanish-language television show ¡Despierta América! (Wake Up America) hosted by Jorge Ramos
• "Richard & Judy Book Club", a segment of Channel 4's British television show Richard & Judy hosted by Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan
• Bookclub, a British radio show on the BBC Radio 4 station hosted by James Naughtie
• First Tuesday Book Club, an Australian television show on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation network hosted by Jennifer Byrne
• "Jonny's Book Club", a segment of the weekly podcast Gay Pimpin' with Jonny McGovern hosted by Jonny McGovern

Given the busy lifestyles of today, another variation on the traditional 'book club' is the book reading club. In such a club, the group agrees on a specific book, and each week (or whatever frequency), one person in the group reads the book out loud while the rest of the group listens. The group can either allow interruptions for comments and questions from the members at any time, or agree to allow such input at chapter or section endings. Such a club makes reading a shared experience and frees the busy members from the "homework" of having read the book before coming to the club. It also creates a lively environment for commenting on the specifics of the books as it is read and can lead to very enriching exchanges. A given book may continue for several sittings, depending on the pace of reading, frequency of meetings, and the extent of comments and discussion. Members can take turns reading to share the reading responsibility. Another variation on the concept could be jointly listening to an audio-book with pauses for comments. Once a book is completed, members recommend their choices of the new books and vote on which book to proceed with next.

• The Book Club Bible
• Literature Circles
• Readers' advisory
• Literature Circles in EFL
• Shared reading

• Healy, Anna (February–March 2002). "Giving Readers a Voice: Book Discussion Groups". Book Links. American Library Association. 11 (4). Retrieved 2009-03-27.
• Jacobsohn, Rachel W. (1998). The Reading Group Handbook (Revised ed.). New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-8324-3.
• Jacobsohn, Rachel. "Ten Tips for Starting and Running a Successful Book Club". Archived from the original on 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
• Laskin, David; Hughes, Holly (1995). The Reading Group Book. New York: Plume. ISBN 0-452-27201-7.
• Loevy, Diana (2006). The Book Club Companion. New York: Berkley Books. ISBN 0-425-21009-X.
• Moore, Ellen; Stevens, Kira (2004). Good Books Lately. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-30961-9.
• Saal, Rollene (1995). The New York Public Library Guide to Reading Groups. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-517-88357-0.
• Sauer, Patrick (1999). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Starting a Reading Group. Indianapolis: Alpha Books. ISBN 0-02-863654-6.
• Slezak, Ellen, Ed. (2000). The Book Group Book (Third ed.). Chicago: Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1-55652-412-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Farr, C (2005). Reading Oprah: how Oprah's book club changed the way America reads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.

• American Library Association Public Programs Office Book Discussion Series list of book discussion programs developed by the ALA
• Library of Congress Center for the Book the program's official web site