ConcurTaskTrees

ConcurTaskTrees (CTT)[1] is a notation for task model specifications useful to support design of interactive applications specifically tailored for user interface model-based design.

The main features of ConcurTaskTrees are:

  • Hierarchical structure, which provides a large range of granularity in describing large and small task structures;
  • Graphical syntax, which reflects the logical structure in a tree-like form;
  • Concurrent notation, which supports flexible ordering of the tasks to perform.

In human–computer interaction, task models indicate the logical activities that an application should support to reach users’ goals. There are also methods that indicate how to derive user interfaces for different platforms from ConcurTaskTrees specifications [2] The last evolution has been the introduction of preconditions.[3]

It has been used both in academia and industry, especially by companies with an interest in enterprise resource planning (ERP) and safety-critical systems (e.g. air traffic control systems). . It has been considered in the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for standardization of task models .

Some studies have investigated its usability [4]

ConcurTaskTrees has been mapped into Unified Modeling Language (UML).[5]

Tool support

The editing and analysis of task models is supported by the ConcurTaskTrees Environment (CTTE).[6] The executable code is publicly available and free to download.

References
  1. Paternò, Fabio (2003). "ConcurTaskTrees: An Engineered Notation for Task Models" (PDF). The Handbook of Task Analysis for Human-Computer Interaction: 483–503.
  2. Paternò, Fabio; Santoro Carmen; Spano Lucio Davide (October 2011). "Engineering the authoring of usable service front ends" (PDF). Journal of Systems and Software. 84 (10): 1806–1822. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.304.366. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.05.025.
  3. Manca, Marco; Paternò Fabio; Santoro Carmen; Spano Lucio Davide. "Considering task pre-conditions in model-based user interface design and generation" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive.
  4. Vigo, Markel; Santoro, Carmen; Paterno, Fabio (2017). "The usability of task modeling tools" (PDF). 2017 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). pp. 95–99. doi:10.1109/VLHCC.2017.8103455. ISBN 978-1-5386-0443-4. S2CID 7374320.
  5. Nbrega, Leonel; Nuno Nunes; Helder Coelho (2006). "Mapping ConcurTaskTrees into UML 2.0". Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification (PDF). pp. 237–248. doi:10.1007/11752707_20. ISBN 978-3-540-34145-1. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  6. Mori, Giulio; Paternò Fabio; Santoro Carmen (2002). "CTTE: Support for Developing and Analysing Task Models for Interactive System Design" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 28 (8): 797–813. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.359.5986. doi:10.1109/tse.2002.1027801.
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