Concussions in high school sports

Possible signs of concussion that may appear in a student-athlete after a jolt to the head or body include:[7][2]

• a dazed appearance
• confusion
• forgetfulness
• lack of confidence in actions
• clumsiness
• slower than normal
• loss of consciousness
• changes in mood, behavior, or personality, and
• inability to remember events prior to, or after the hit

An injured student may report any of these signs as well as sensitivity to light or sound, double vision, a headache, or other abnormal feelings. A student who has been diagnosed with a concussion may become frustrated, impatient, and angry about the situation.[8]

Concussions may have consequences that are not immediately apparent. Concussions can affect sleep quality and may cause sleep patterns to become inconsistent. Some nights an individual may sleep for an extended period of time whereas in others sleep time can be short. With acute concussions, sleep occurs for longer durations when compared to subacute. These irregular sleep patterns can have major health effects by making an individual susceptible to health concerns later on (Raikes, Schaefer, 2016, p. 2145).[9] Concussions have also been shown to increase the risk for mental issues such as depression, CTE, dementia, and other cognitive issues (Guskiewicz et al., 2005).[10]

Concussions may also have long term effects on the ability to learn and execute motor patterns. As compared to an individual with no concussions, due to damage to the brain resulting from concussion, a concussed individual may have reduced motor learning speeds and ability to progress in activity.[11]

Formal concussion plans that include elements of education, prevention, recognition, evaluation and management, both reduce the chance of concussion and ensure that concussions are promptly diagnosed.[14][15][16]

Prevention efforts in high school athletics may include:

• Conditioning, teaching and practice of techniques that reduce the chance of injury. For example, a football player who learns the proper way to tackle, spends time in the weight room, and maintains overall good health choices is more likely to avoid situations which put them in harm's way.[17]
• Concussion response programs that take concussions seriously, limit the number of concussions a student may have while continuing to participate in a sport, and that monitor for recovery and residual effects of concussion.[18]

In the game of football pads and helmets are good tools but do not completely protect the player. The helmets worn in football defend against most head injuries. These injuries include things like brain bleeds, skull fractures, and possible jaw injuries. What the helmets do not protect against are mTBI or mild traumatic brain injury. This is where concussions occur. Helmets cannot protect against them because they are simply a byproduct of football. Due to the physicality of the sports, concussion or other head injuries are inevitable. For this to be changed the whole sport in its entirety will have to be changed (Bachynski, Goldberg, 2014, p 323-333).[19] But the choice to play football, in the end, is left to the families and the players themselves. If football is a sport they want to pursue, that is fine.