Contracted Bianchi identities

Start with the Bianchi identity[3]

${\displaystyle R_{abmn;\ell }+R_{ab\ell m;n}+R_{abn\ell ;m}=0.}$

Contract both sides of the above equation with a pair of metric tensors:

${\displaystyle g^{bn}g^{am}(R_{abmn;\ell }+R_{ab\ell m;n}+R_{abn\ell ;m})=0,}$

${\displaystyle g^{bn}(R^{m}{}_{bmn;\ell }-R^{m}{}_{bm\ell ;n}+R^{m}{}_{bn\ell ;m})=0,}$

${\displaystyle g^{bn}(R_{bn;\ell }-R_{b\ell ;n}-R_{b}{}^{m}{}_{n\ell ;m})=0,}$

${\displaystyle R^{n}{}_{n;\ell }-R^{n}{}_{\ell ;n}-R^{nm}{}_{n\ell ;m}=0.}$

The first term on the left contracts to yield a Ricci scalar, while the third term contracts to yield a mixed Ricci tensor,

${\displaystyle R_{;\ell }-R^{n}{}_{\ell ;n}-R^{m}{}_{\ell ;m}=0.}$

The last two terms are the same (changing dummy index n to m) and can be combined into a single term which shall be moved to the right,

${\displaystyle R_{;\ell }=2R^{m}{}_{\ell ;m},}$

which is the same as

${\displaystyle \nabla _{m}R^{m}{}_{\ell }={1 \over 2}\nabla _{\ell }R.}$

Swapping the index labels l and m on the left side yields

${\displaystyle \nabla _{\ell }R^{\ell }{}_{m}={1 \over 2}\nabla _{m}R.}$

• Bianchi identities
• Einstein tensor
• Einstein field equations
• General theory of relativity
• Ricci calculus
• Tensor calculus
• Riemann curvature tensor

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• Synge J.L., Schild A. (1949). Tensor Calculus. first Dover Publications 1978 edition. ISBN 978-0-486-63612-2.
• J.R. Tyldesley (1975), An introduction to Tensor Analysis: For Engineers and Applied Scientists, Longman, ISBN 0-582-44355-5
• D.C. Kay (1988), Tensor Calculus, Schaum’s Outlines, McGraw Hill (USA), ISBN 0-07-033484-6
• T. Frankel (2012), The Geometry of Physics (3rd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1107-602601