Coprophanaeus

Coprophanaeus is a genus in the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles).[1][2][3] The genus is almost entirely Neotropical, with a single species, C. pluto, ranging into southernmost Texas in the United States.[4][5] They are medium-sized to large beetles, with the South American C. ensifer and C. lancifer sometimes exceeding 5 cm (2 in) in length, making these two some of the largest dung beetles in the world (together with certain Catharsius and Heliocopris) and the largest in the Americas.[4][6][7] They often have a horn on the head, and are typically a bright metallic color, most often blue or green (other colors also occur, for example red), or black.[4][8] These diurnal or crepuscular beetles are excellent diggers and good fliers.[4][9]

Coprophanaeus
Coprophanaeus lancifer
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Family:
Scarabaeidae
Tribe:
Phanaeini
Genus:
Coprophanaeus

D'Olsoufieff, 1924

Although part of the true dung beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae, adult and young Coprophanaeus primarily feed on carrion, but many species may also feed on feces. They are paracoprids, meaning that adults dig tunnels into the soil under the food source and move parts of the food source to a nest chamber where the eggs are laid.[9][10] Because of their feeding on carrion, they are of interest to forensic entomology.[9]

Species
C. ensifer, a large species where both sexes have a large horn on the head
Female C. saphirinus, a common and variably colored species where only the male has a distinct horn

Coprophanaeus is divided into three subgenera: Coprophanaeus, Megaphanaeus and Metallophanaeus, but it doubtful that the first and last of these are monophyletic.[4][6]

The genus includes the following species:[11]

  • Coprophanaeus abas (MacLeay, 1819)
  • Coprophanaeus acrisius (MacLeay, 1819)
  • Coprophanaeus bellicosus (Olivier, 1789)
  • Coprophanaeus bonariensis (Gory, 1844)
  • Coprophanaeus boucardi (Nevinson, 1891)
  • Coprophanaeus callegarii Arnaud, 2002
  • Coprophanaeus caroliae Edmonds, 2008
  • Coprophanaeus cerberus (Harold, 1875)
  • Coprophanaeus chiriquensis (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus christophorowi (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus conocephalus (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus corythus (Harold, 1863)
  • Coprophanaeus cyanescens (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus dardanus (MacLeay, 1819)
  • Coprophanaeus degallieri Arnaud, 1997
  • Coprophanaeus ensifer (Germar, 1821)
  • Coprophanaeus gamezi Arnaud, 2002
  • Coprophanaeus gephyra Kohlmann & Solís, 2012
  • Coprophanaeus gilli Arnaud, 1997
  • Coprophanaeus horus (Waterhouse, 1891)
  • Coprophanaeus ignecinctus (Felsche, 1909)
  • Coprophanaeus jasius (Olivier, 1789)
  • Coprophanaeus lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Coprophanaeus magnoi Arnaud, 2002
  • Coprophanaeus milon (Blanchard, 1846)
  • Coprophanaeus morenoi Arnaud, 1982
  • Coprophanaeus ohausi (Felsche, 1911)
  • Coprophanaeus parvulus (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus pecki Howden & Young, 1981
  • Coprophanaeus pertyi (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus pessoai (Pereira, 1949)
  • Coprophanaeus pluto (Harold, 1863)
  • Coprophanaeus punctatus (Olsufieff, 1924)
  • Coprophanaeus saphirinus (Sturm, 1826)
  • Coprophanaeus solisi Arnaud, 1997
  • Coprophanaeus spitzi (Pessôa, 1934)
  • Coprophanaeus suredai Arnaud, 1996
  • Coprophanaeus telamon (Erichson, 1847)
  • Coprophanaeus thalassinus (Perty, 1830)

References
  1. ITIS
  2. Nomen.at - animals and plants
  3. GBIF Archived March 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  4. Edmonds, W.D.; Zidek, J. (2010). "A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)". Insecta Mundi. 0129: 1–111.
  5. "Coprophanaeus pluto species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  6. Maldaner, M.E.; Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z.; Takiya, D.M.; Ferreira, D.C. (2008). "Molecular Phylogeny of Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) d'Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and the position of C. bellicosus". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 51 (5): 241–255. doi:10.1163/1876312X-00002198.
  7. Maldaner, M.E.; Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z.; Takiya, D.M.; Ferreira, D.C. (2019). "Genetic and chromatic variation of Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) ensifer (Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 283: 150–160. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.09.001.
  8. Cupello, M.; Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z. (2014). "Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira & d'Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence". 3869 (4): 435.451. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.7. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Ururahy-Rodrigues, A.; Rafael, J.A.; Wanderley, R.F.; Marques, H.; Pujol-Luz, J.R. (2008). "Coprophanaeus lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) activity moves a man-size pig carcass: Relevant data for forensic taphonomy". Forensic Science International. 182 (1–3): e19–e22. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.09.009.
  10. Cantil, L.F.; Sánche, M.V.; Sarzetti, L.; Molina, A.; Genise, J.F. (2015). "Nest and brood balls of Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) cyanescens (Olsoufiefff, 1924) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 69 (1): 153–158. doi:10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.153. hdl:11336/50474.
  11. Biolib
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