Corderoite

Corderoite is an extremely rare mercury sulfide chloride mineral with formula Hg3S2Cl2. It crystallizes in the isometric crystal system. It is soft, 1.5 to 2 on the Mohs scale, and varies in color from light gray to black and rarely pink or yellow.

Corderoite
Dark red bands of cinnabar alternate with layers of tan limonite. The corderoite are the yellow-tan microcrystals.
General
CategoryHalide mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		Hg3S2Cl2
IMA symbolCde[1]
Strunz classification2.FC.15a
Crystal systemCubic
Crystal classTetartoidal (23)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupI213
Unit cella = 8.940(5) Å; Z = 4
Identification
ColorPale orange-pink to salmon-pink; on exposure to light, rapidly darkening to pale gray, then black
Crystal habitRare as cubic crystals; as rims and replacements of cinnabar
Mohs scale hardness3
DiaphaneityTransparent
Specific gravity6.845 calc.
Optical propertiesIsotropic
Refractive indexn > 2.5
References[2][3][4]

It was first described in 1974 for occurrences in the McDermitt Mercury mine in Humboldt County, Nevada. The name is from the old name of the mine, the Old Cordero Mine.[5]

Structure

The structure of Hg3S2Cl2 was determined in the 1960s before it was found in nature.[6] It has crankshaft chains that are crosswise linked by additional Hg²+. The crystals are chiral (existing in two enantiomorphic forms), in space group I213 (no. 199). The chloride ions form a lattice similar to a primitive cubic lattice (but with the ions slightly displaced along three-fold axes), and the sulfide ions form a similar lattice by occupying positions near the centres of the cubes of chloride ions, also on three-fold rotation axes. This gives eight chloride and eight sulfide ions per unit cell. The mercury ions are located on two-fold rotation axes that do not intersect the three-fold rotation axes. They occupy positions close to the centres of the faces of the chloride cubes, but only half of such positions are occupied, giving 12 mercury ions per unit cell. The closest neighbors of a mercury ion are two sulfide ions, at a distance of 2.422 Å, the S-Hg-S angle being 165.1°. Each sulfide ion has three mercury ions near it, with the Hg-S-Hg angles being 94.1°. The nearest neighbors of a chloride ion are six mercury ions, at two somewhat different distances. A diagram can be seen on line, with blue balls representing mercury, green chlorine, and yellow sulfur.[7] Various sulfide halides of Hg share the feature of being face-sharing [HgS2X4]−6 polyhedral, with X=Cl in the case of corderoite.

Geologic occurrence

The main occurrence of corderoite in the type locality is in the Upper Miocene playa sediments within a thick zone, around 5–7 m (16–23 ft), sub parallel to bedding. Lake sediments including altered rhyolitic tuff and ash were deposited on the Tertiary rhyolitic volcanic rocks. Corderoite occurs as isolated grains or with cinnabar as replacements. Corderoite occurs as a low temperature supergene mineral.[6]

References
  1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/corderoite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
  3. http://www.mindat.org/min-1127.html Mindat with location data
  4. http://www.webmineral.com/data/Corderoite.shtml Webmineral data
  5. http://www.mindat.org/loc-4206.html Mindat McDermii Mine page
  6. Berendsen P., Foord E. E., and Storey L. O. (1974) "Corderoite, first natural occurrence of Hg3S2Cl2, from the Cordero mercury deposit, Humboldt County, Nevada". American Mineralogist, 59, 652–655 http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM59/AM59_652.pdf
  7. "Corderoite". American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on "View JMOL 3-D Structure".
  • Grenchischev O. K. and Vasil'ev V. I. (1978) "First find of Corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2) in mercury ores of USSR". Doklady. 246/1-6, 145.
  • Keller P., Lissner F., and Schleid T. (2005) "Single-crystal structure determination of Perroudite, Hg5Ag4S5 (I,Br)2Cl2, from Tsumeb (Namiba), and its structural relationships to other sulfide halides of mercury and cinnabar." Stuttgart 181/1, 1–9.
  • Lavrent'ev Y. G. and Vasil'ev V. I. (1986) "New finds and data on the composition of corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2)". Soviet Geology and Geophysics, 27/12, 117–121.
  • Modreski P. J. (1998) "Eugene Edward Foord, 1946–1998". The Canadian Mineralogist, 36/2, 251–254.
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