Cota tinctoria

Cota tinctoria, the golden marguerite, yellow chamomile, or oxeye chamomile, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the sunflower family. Other common names include dyer's chamomile, Boston daisy, and Paris daisy. In horticulture this plant is still widely referred to by its synonym Anthemis tinctoria.[2]

Cota tinctoria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Cota
Species:
C. tinctoria
Binomial name
Cota tinctoria
(L.) J. Gay ex Guss.[1]
Synonyms
Synonymy
  • Anthemis tinctoria L. (basionym)
  • Anacyclus tinctorius (L.) Samp.
  • Anthemis brachyglossa K.Koch
  • Anthemis chrysantha Schur
  • Anthemis coarctata Sm.
  • Anthemis debilis Fed.
  • Anthemis discoidea (All.) Vahl
  • Anthemis discoidea (All.) Willd.
  • Anthemis kelwayi Hort. ex L.H.Bailey & N.Taylor
  • Anthemis maris-nigri Fed.
  • Anthemis maritima Sm. 1839 not L. 1753
  • Anthemis markhotensis Fed.
  • Anthemis pallescens Heldr. ex Nyman
  • Anthemis parnassi Boiss. & Heldr. ex Nyman
  • Anthemis saguramica Sosn.
  • Anthemis subtinctoria Dobrocz.
  • Anthemis zephyrovii Dobrocz.
  • Chamaemelum discoideum All.
  • Chamaemelum tinctorium (L.) Schreb
  • Anthemis euxina Boiss., syn of subsp. euxina
  • Cota euxina (Boiss.) Holub, syn of subsp. euxina
  • Anthemis bulgarica Thin, syn of subsp. gaudium-solis
  • Anthemis gaudium-solis Velen., syn of subsp. gaudium-solis
  • Anthemis parnassica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman, syn of subsp. parnassica
  • Anthemis sancti-johannis Stoj. & al., syn of subsp. sancti-johannis
  • Cota sancti-johannis Holub, syn of subsp. sancti-johannis
  • Anthemis meinkeana Rech.f., syn of subsp. virescens

It is a short-lived plant often treated as biennial, native to Europe, the Mediterranean and Western Asia and naturalized in scattered locations in North America.[3][4] It has aromatic, bright green, feathery foliage. The serrate leaves are bi-pinnatifid (= finely divided) and downy beneath. It grows to a height of 60 cm (24 in).[5]

It has yellow daisy-like terminal flower heads on long thin angular stems, blooming in profusion during the summer.[5]

It has no culinary or commercial uses and only limited medicinal uses. However, it produces excellent yellow, buff and golden-orange dyes, used in the past for fabrics.[6]

Cota tinctoria is grown in gardens for its bright attractive flowers and fine lacy foliage; there is a white-flowering form. Under the synonym Anthemis tinctoria, the cultivar ‘E.C. Buxton’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[7] The popular seed-raised cultivar 'Kelwayi' has 5 cm wide, yellow flowers on 65 cm plants.[8]

Subspecies
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. australis (R.Fern.) Oberpr. & Greuter
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. euxina (Boiss.) Oberpr. & Greuter
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. fussii (Griseb. & Schenk) Oberpr. & Greuter
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. gaudium-solis (Velen.) Oberpr. & Greuter
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. parnassica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Oberpr. & Greuter
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. sancti-johannis (Stoj. & al.) Oberpr. & Greuter
  • Cota tinctoria subsp. virescens (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter

References
  1. Florae Siculae Synopsis 2: 866. 1844 [1845].
  2. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  3. Altervista Flora Italiana, Camomilla dei tintori, Färberkamille, Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay includes many photos plus European distribution map
  4. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  5. Flora of North America, Golden marguerite, yellow chamomile, Cota tinctoria (Linnaeus) J. Gay ex Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 867. 1845.
  6. Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity
  7. "RHS Plantfinder - Anthemis tinctoria 'E.C. Buxton'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  8. "Anthemis tinctoria 'Kelwayi'". Gardenia.net. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
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