Count Gonghwa
Count Gonghwa or Marquess Gonghwa (1126–1186[1]), personal name Wang Yeong (왕영, 王瑛) was a Goryeo Royal family member as the great-grandson of King Munjong who became the maternal uncle of Huijong and Gangjong.
| Marquess Gonghwa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born | Wang Yeong 1126 Kingdom of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 1186 (aged about 60/1) Kingdom of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Spouse | Princess Seunggyeong | ||||||||
| Issue | Lady Wang Wang Myeon | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | House of Wang | ||||||||
| Father | Wang On, Duke Gangneung | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Gim | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism | ||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||
| Hangul | |||||||||
| Hanja | |||||||||
| Revised Romanization | Gonghwa-baek, Gonghwa-hu | ||||||||
| McCune–Reischauer | Konghwa-baek, Konghwa-hu | ||||||||
| Birth name | |||||||||
| Hangul | |||||||||
| Hanja | |||||||||
| Revised Romanization | Wang Yeong | ||||||||
| McCune–Reischauer | Wang Yŏng | ||||||||
| Courtesy name | |||||||||
| Hangul | |||||||||
| Hanja | |||||||||
| Revised Romanization | Hyeonheo | ||||||||
| McCune–Reischauer | Hyŏnhŏ | ||||||||
| Posthumous name | |||||||||
| Hangul | |||||||||
| Hanja | |||||||||
| Revised Romanization | Jeongui | ||||||||
| McCune–Reischauer | Chŏngŭi | ||||||||
Biography
Life
Although not much information left about his life, but it was believed that he had a calm and quiet personality, not greedy and show great enthusiasm for his studies. During the early years of King Uijong, he became a Jeonjungnaegeupsa (전중내급사, 殿中內給事)[2] and although the King assumed this, he did not allow it since there was no precedent for a son from the Royal family who had been given the title of "Marquess" (후, 侯) and humbled himself with became a public servant (공사, 貢士)[3] from the past.
He then became Count Gonghwa (공화백, 恭化伯) on the day he married at his 30s and the King bestowed great favors upon him.[4] After his brother-in-law, Marquess Ikyang ascended the throne in 1170, Wang Yeong was promoted into Marquess Gonghwa (공화후, 恭化侯) and a devout believer in Buddhism on his later years before later passed away in 1186 at his 61 years old.
Relatives and Marriage
Wang Yeong had 4 sisters: Queen Janggyeong, Marchioness Daeryeong, Queen Uijeong (mother of King Gangjong), Queen Seonjeong (mother of King Huijong) and a younger brother named Wang Jak (왕작, 王鷟).[5]
According to Goryeosa, Wang Yeong married his half second cousin once removed, Princess Seunggyeong (승경궁주; eldest daughter of King Injong) and together, they had two children: a daughter and a son.[6] Through his only son, he would become both brother and in-law to Queen Janggyeong.
- Lady Wang (왕씨, 王氏; 1150–1185), 1st daughter. She was unmarried until her death at 36 years old due to her illness in Changsin Temple (창신사, 彰信寺; Southern Gaeseong).[7]
- Wang Myeon, Duke Gwangneung (광릉공 면, 廣陵公 沔; d. 1218), 1st son. Married his first cousin (his aunt's daughter), Princess Hwasun (화순궁주, 和順宮主).
References
- In Lunar calendar, he died on 10th day 10th month 1186.
- Yong-sun, Kim (2001). 역주 고려 묘지명 집성, Volume 1 [Compilation of the Names of Goryeo Tombs, Volume 1] (in Korean). University of Michigan: Hallym University Press. p. 403. ISBN 9788987086330.
- 공사(貢士) - 한국민족문화대백과사전 (in Korean)
- In-ji, Jung (2001). 高麗史 [History of Goryeo] (in Korean). University of Michigan: Shinseowon. p. 142. ISBN 9788979400328.
- "문종 왕자 조선공 왕도". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- "승경궁주". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- Her mother was believed to died when she was still at a young age, so she grew up just with her father, which she took care and serve him diligently. Since she didn't marry, so she became a devout Buddhist, making it a daily routine to read Buddhist scriptures such as the Hwaeomgyeong (화엄경). Her uncle and first cousin (King Myeongjong) and Crown Prince Wang O) who mourned her death, offering sacrifices and her body then cremated at the Eastern Seongju Temple (성주사, 聖住寺). The rest of her ashes, which temporarily enshrined at Ungae Temple (운개사, 雲開寺) in the Gaeseong precincts, would buried about 100 steps northeast of the Temple on the 25th days (Lunar calendar). Analyzing her tomb name (왕영녀왕씨묘지명, 王瑛女王氏墓誌銘) was produced in the same year, it is presumed that the author was Wang Myeon, her only younger brother and sibling.왕영녀왕씨묘지명 - Daum
- Wang Yeong on Encykorea (in Korean).
- 왕영 on Doosan Encyclopedia (in Korean).