Count Valentin Esterhazy

In 1784, Esterházy married Marie-Françoise-Ursule de Hallweil, the daughter of a count and Lieutenant-General of the Armies of the King.[9][10] The couple had four children:[11]

• Gaspard-Philippe-Valentin d'Esterházy de Galantha et de Grodeck (1786-1838)
• Ladislas-Henri-Valentin d'Esterházy de Galantha (b. 1797)
• Marie-Françoise-Léonide d'Esterházy de Galantha (b. 1787)
• Marie-Anne-Everilde-Ursule d'Esterházy de Galantha (b. 10 February 1791)

Esterházy first met Marie Antoinette in 1770, when he was charged with bringing a portrait of her betrothed, the future Louis XVI, to the then-Archduchess in Vienna.[12] Four years later, Esterházy requested a letter of recommendation to Marie Antoinette from her mother Queen Maria Theresa. Maria Theresa refused, but did authorize the Austrian ambassador to France to recommend Esterházy to Marie Antoinette, who, remembering him as the man who delivered her husband's portrait in 1770, received him 'with great pleasure'.[13]

According to Ernest Daudet, Marie Antoinette "openly protected him, defended him against his rivals, recommended him to the King, whom she got to love him, obtained for him, in a circumstance where he was in debt, 600 louis, a pension upon his marriage, some grand posts; she aided, in a word, as much as she could, in his fortune, good deeds which he received with recognition and paid for with a devotion which the unhappiness of his sovereigns, far from slackening it, caused to excite."[14] However, Maria Theresa never quite forgave Esterházy for his grandfather's part in the Hungarian insurrection against Habsburg rule. She was shocked by the intimacy of Esterházy and Marie Antoinette's letters to each other, writing on one occasion that "the correspondence with that runt d'Esterhazy is very humiliating."[15] In 1778, when he was chosen to deliver the news to Maria Theresa that her daughter had gone into labor with her first child, the Austrian queen wrote that "Esterhazy is in no way suitable for being sent here with such great news. His family is not illustrious, and he is always regarded as a refugee."[16]

In April 1779, the Queen went to the Petit Trianon to recover from the measles, and Esterházy was one of four gentlemen whom Louis XVI authorized to attend her there. This caused much gossip at Versailles, giving rise to "the malicious insinuations" of sexual immorality which would plague Marie Antoinette for the rest of her life.[17][18] In 1784, upon the occasion of his marriage, Marie Antoinette granted Esterházy an annual pension of 12,000 livres.[19] In 1791, when the Queen was a "captive" at the Tuileries Palace, Esterházy passed letters and gifts from her to their mutual friend Count Axel von Fersen.[20][21]

At the beginning of the French Revolution, Esterházy was in charge of a garrison at Valenciennes. From there he assisted the Comte d'Artois, who came to him in disguise on July 18, 1789, to escape into Flanders under the escort of his hussars.[29] Esterházy also helped to emigrate Artois' sons, the Duke of Angoulême and the Duc de Beri, as well as the Prince de Condé and his sons.[30] Rumors of his royalist intrigues soon began to circulate and he was accused in the National Assembly. The Journal des révolutions de Paris accused him of wanting to pass grain to the enemy. He protested his innocence and published letters intended to exonerate him, one of which was written by the committee of the town of Le Quesnoy in October 1789, thanking him for keeping the peace and securing food for the province.[31] Nonetheless, his soldiers mutinied in 1790 and forced him to flee the garrison. He went first to Paris, where he arranged for his family to emigrate to Britain. He also engaged in an unrealized conspiracy to free Louis XVI from the Tuileries Palace and conduct him to a royalist army.[32]

In 1791, he departed France to join the Comte d'Artois in Koblenz.[33] He followed Artois to Vienna and gained the prince's confidence during the negotiations at Pillnitz Castle which resulted in the Holy Roman Empire and Prussia formally declaring their support for Louis XVI and their opposition to the Revolution. Esterházy was then sent by the princes as ambassador to the court of Catherine the Great in St. Petersburg, arriving there in September, 1791.[34][35] He soon found himself in favor with the Empress, who gifted him the estate of Luka, in Russian Poland, in 1795. Catherine also made Esterházy's son, only 7 years old, a Cornet in her horse guards.[36] After her death, her son Paul I evicted Esterházy from Luka and returned the property to its previous owner. He also revoked Esterházy's accreditation as ambassador at the Russian court.[37] However, Paul I did not leave Esterházy completely dispossessed - he granted him an estate at Gródek Castle in Volhynia.[38] Esterházy learned that he was out of favor with Paul I because years earlier he had spurned a friendship with him. He wrote to the Comte de Provence that:

"I have at last learned that he [Paul I] had been shocked that after having shown me so many kindnesses as those which he had for me in 1792, I had distanced myself from him and absolutely rejected him from his mother's side. But, sire, my situation was very delicate in that time; the little understanding which there was between the Empress and her son at that time was known by everyone. By what means could an individual, and above all a foreigner, long be in the intimacy of both? I felt that it was absolutely necessary to expose myself to losing the confidence of one of the two, and I did not hesitate upon the choice: I seized the first instance where I noticed a little coldness in the Grand-Duke, to present myself to him from then on with no more than the respect due to his rank and like the rest of the court. I saw that this displeased him; he ceased to treat me well, and even to speak to me. But I preferred that to giving some suspicion to the Empress who heaped kindnesses and I dare say friendship on me, or to those in whom she placed her confidence."[39]

Esterházy died at Grodék Castle on July 23, 1805.[40]