Cylindropuntia fulgida

Cylindropuntia fulgida, the jumping cholla, also known as the hanging chain cholla, is a cholla cactus native to Sonora and the Southwestern United States.[1]

Cylindropuntia fulgida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Genus: Cylindropuntia
Species:
C. fulgida
Binomial name
Cylindropuntia fulgida
Natural range
Synonyms

Opuntia fulgida

The greatest range of the jumping cholla is the entirety of Sonora, except the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera on the east and northern California, including the major islands of Tiburon and Isla Ángel de la Guarda.[2]

In the Southwestern United States, the range extends into the Colorado Desert of California, and in Arizona. There it occurs south and southwest of the Arizona transition zone of the Mogollon Rim; in the northwest-central Sonoran Desert of Arizona, it is in a few selected locales. It also reaches into the northeast section of the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada and Utah, and in the very southern section of the Great Basin Desert of southern Utah. It also occurs just south of the east-west section of the Bill Williams River, east of the Colorado River in the Yuma Desert, and in parts of the Eastern Plains of Colorado.

Description

Cylindropuntia fulgida grows at elevations ranging from 300 to 1,000 m (980 to 3,280 feet). While the name "jumping cholla" is applied especially to this species, it is also used as a general term for all chollas.

The jumping cholla is an arborescent (tree-like) plant with one low-branching trunk. It often grows to heights of 4 m (13 feet), with drooping branches of chained fruit. The stems are light green and are strongly tuberculate, with tubercles (small, wart-like projections on the stems) measuring 6 to 9 millimetres (1⁄4 to 1⁄3 in). Together, the plants form fantastic looking forests that may range over many hectares.

Leaves have been reduced to spines, 6 to 12 of which grow from each areole. Young branches are covered with 2 to 3 cm (3⁄4 to 1+1⁄6 inches) silvery-yellow spines, which darken to a gray color with age. These spines form a dense layer that obscures the stems. Slower growing or older branches have sparse and/or shorter spines. As the spines fall off of older parts, the brown-black bark is revealed. It becomes rough and scaly with age.

Flowers are white and pink, streaked with lavender. They are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) wide, and are displayed at the joint tips (or old fruit tips), blooming in mid-summer. According to naturalists/writers Henry and Rebecca Northen, a curiosity of these flowers is that C. fulgida opens its flowers at exactly 3:00 p.m. solar time, and can be used to set one's watch. [3]

Closeup image of a cholla spine showing microscopic barbs which make removal extremely painful.

Most of the fleshy, green fruits are sterile, pear-shaped to nearly round, wrinkled with a few spines. They are typically about 4 cm (1+1⁄2 inches) long, often producing flowers the following year which add new fruits to those of previous seasons. It is these hanging chains of fruit which give it the name "hanging chain cholla".

Name
Jumping Cholla's stem detached and latched on the base of a paper cup.

The "jumping cholla" name comes from the ease with which the stems detach when brushed. Often the merest touch will leave a person with bits of cactus hanging on their clothes to be discovered later when either sitting or leaning on them. The ground around a mature plant will often be covered with dead stems, and young plants are started from stems that have fallen from the adult. They attach themselves to desert animals and are dispersed for short distances. Extinct, hairy megafauna may have played a role in their historic, more widespread dispersal in this manner.

Other names for this cactus include chain fruit cholla, cholla brincadora, and velas de coyote.

Wildlife

During droughts, animals like the bighorn sheep and some deer species like the desert mule deer, rely on the juicy fruit for food and water. Because they grow in inaccessible and hostile places of the desert, populations of this cactus are stable. Cactus wren are also known to nest in jumping cholla.

References
  1. "Cyclidropuntia fulgida, the Jumping cholla". Llifle.com. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  2. Little Jr., Elbert L. (1976). "Map 104, Opuntia fulgida". Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 3 (Minor Western Hardwoods). US Government Printing Office. LCCN 79-653298. OCLC 4053799.
  3. Northen, Henry; Tyson Northen, Rebecca (1970). Ingenious Kingdom. Engelwood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. 154. ISBN 0-13-464859-5. Retrieved 4 January 2004.
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