Cymatoderma

Cymatoderma is a widely distributed genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae.

Cymatoderma
Cymatoderma caperatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Meruliaceae
Genus:
Cymatoderma

Jungh. (1840)[1]
Type species
Cymatoderma elegans
Jungh. (1840)
Synonyms[2]

Description

The fruit bodies of Cymatoderma fungi are typically funnel-shaped, fan-shaped, or semicircular. Fruit bodies growing next to each other can fuse together. The upper surface of the cap often has sharp ridges, although in some species this is partially obscured by a thick tomentum with a texture like felt. The fertile surface of the hymenium (spore-bearing surface) is generally covered with folds, undulations, or ridges, which can be in turn by smooth, warted, or spiky. The stipe ranges from well-developed in some species to barely present in others.[6]

Taxonomy

Cymatoderma was circumscribed by botanist Friedrich Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn in 1842, with Cymatoderma elegans as the type species.[1] Cymatoderma dendriticum, originally described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as Thelephora dendritica in 1827,[7] is perhaps the earliest description of any Cymatoderma in the literature.[8] In 1842, Miles Joseph Berkeley transferred Thelephora dendritica to the genus Cladoderris.[3] Despite Junghuhn's earlier publication, this species became more commonly (and incorrectly) referred to as Cladoderris dendritica in its early history. This led to a number of synonyms created and a confusing taxonomy. It did not help that the type material of several species, located in the Berlin herbarium, was destroyed during the Second World War.[8] Marinus Anton Donk proposed to conserve the more popular name Cladoderris against the earlier Cymatoderma, but this was rejected by the authorities on Fungus nomenclature.[6] Today, the name Cladoderris is placed in synonymy with Cymatoderma, as well as the names Actinostroma, Beccariella, and Beccaria.[2]

Classification

Cymatoderma has traditionally been classified in the family Meruliaceae.[9] Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cymatoderma is polyphyletic, with some species related to Podoscypha, and another group, including the type species, grouped together in a distant location in the residual clade of the Polyporales.[10] In a recently proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales, Alfredo Justo and colleagues proposed to include these latter Cymatoderma species (sensu stricto) in the new family Panaceae. Species closely related to Podoscypha, including Cymatoderma dendriticum and C. pallens, are better classified in the family Podoscyphaceae.[11]

Species
Cymatoderma elegans

A 2008 estimate placed nine species in the genus.[9] As of June 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 14 species in Cymatoderma:[12]

  • Cymatoderma africanum Boidin (1960)[13] – Cameroon; Ivory Coast; Zambia
  • Cymatoderma blumei (Lév.) D.A.Reid (1959) – Indonesia
  • Cymatoderma caperatum (Berk. & Mont.) D.A.Reid (1956) – Australia; North America; South America
  • Cymatoderma dendriticum (Pers.) D.A.Reid (1959) – Africa; South America; Papua New Guinea
  • Cymatoderma elegans Jungh. (1840) – Africa; South America; Papua New Guinea
  • Cymatoderma fuscum (Cooke) D.A.Reid (1959)
  • Cymatoderma hainanense Z.T.Guo (1986) – China
  • Cymatoderma infundibuliforme (Klotzsch) Boidin (1959)[14] – Philippines; Sierra Leone
  • Cymatoderma pallens Berthet & Boidin (1966)[15] – Cameroon
  • Cymatoderma plicatum (Lloyd) D.A.Reid (1959)
  • Cymatoderma sclerotioides (Lloyd) D.A.Reid (1959)
  • Cymatoderma semiresupinatum (A.L.Welden) A.L.Welden (2010)
  • Cymatoderma venezuelae D.A.Reid (1965)[16] – South America
  • Cymatoderma viridans (Lloyd) A.L.Welden (2010)

An earlier member of this genus, Cymatoderma cristatum, has since been transferred to Podoscypha as Podoscypha cristata.

References
  1. Junghuhn, F.W. (1840). "Nova genera et species plantarum florae javanicae". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie (in Latin). 7: 285–317.
  2. "Synonymy: Cymatoderma Jungh". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
  3. Berkeley, M.J. (1842). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. F.L.S. in the Philippine Islands". London Journal of Botany. 1 (3): 142–157.
  4. Cesati, V. (1879). "Mycetum in itinere Borneensi lectorum". Atti dell'Accademia di Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche Napoli (in Latin). 8 (8): 1–28.
  5. Massee, G.E. (1892). British Fungus-Flora. Vol. 1. London, UK: George Bell & Sons. p. 145.
  6. Reid, D.A. (1958). "The genus Cymatoderma Jungh. (Cladoderris)". Kew Bulletin. 13 (3): 518–530. doi:10.2307/4118133. JSTOR 4118133.
  7. Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. (1827). "Voyage autour du Monde, Entrepis par Ordre du Roi, Exécuté sur les Corvettes de S.M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne". Botanique (Nagpur) (in French). 5: 176.
  8. Welden, A.L. (1960). "The genus Cymatoderma (Thelephoraceae) in the Americas". Mycologia. 52 (6): 856–876. doi:10.2307/3755848. JSTOR 3755848.
  9. Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  10. Sjökvist, Elisabet; Larsson, Ellen; Eberhardt, Ursula; Ryvarden, Leif; Larsson, Karl-Henrik (2012). "Stipitate stereoid basidiocarps have evolved multiple times". Mycologia. 104 (5): 1046–1055. doi:10.3852/11-174. PMID 22492407. S2CID 40130449.
  11. Justo, Alfredo; Miettinen, Otto; Floudas, Dimitrios; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Lindner, Daniel; Nakasone, Karen; Niemelä, Tuomo; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ryvarden, Leif; Hibbett, David S. (2017). "A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 121 (9): 798–824. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010. PMID 28800851.
  12. Kirk, P.M. "Species Fungorum (version 31st May 2018). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2018-06-03.
  13. Boidin, J. (1960). "Le genre Stereum Pers. s.l. au Congo belge". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État à Bruxelles (in French). 30 (3): 283–355. doi:10.2307/3667306. JSTOR 3667306.
  14. Boidin, J. (1959). "Hétérobasidiomycèstes saprophytes et Homobasidiomycètes résupinés: VI. Essai sur le genre Stereum sensu lato". Revue de Mycologie (in French). 24: 197–225.
  15. Berthet, P.; Boidin, J. (1966). "Observations sur quelques Hyménomycètes récoltés en République Camerounaise". Cahiers de la Maboké (in French). 4 (1): 27–54.
  16. Reid, D.A. (1965). "A monograph of the stipitate stereoid fungi". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 18: 132. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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