Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis

Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found in China, Korea and Japan.[1] Spiders in the genus Cyrtarachne construct "spanning-thread webs" rather than the more typical orb webs of the family Araneidae. These webs have a small number of radii and instead of a tight spiral of sticky threads, the sticky spanning threads are widely spaced and do not form a spiral. When prey is caught on one of the spanning threads, one end comes loose, and the prey, often a moth, dangles from the other end until hauled in by the spider.[2]

Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Araneidae
Genus: Cyrtarachne
Species:
C. yunoharuensis
Binomial name
Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis
Strand, 1918[1]

Description

The female is 5–7 mm long. The carapace is wider than long and light reddish brown. The sternum is also reddish brown, whereas the legs are yellowish brown. The abdomen is broad, wider than long, and is reddish with six main pairs of white markings. The pair in the middle of the side of the abdomen have a dark central mark and resemble eyeballs. The underside of the abdomen is red. The epigyne has no scape. The male is smaller, 1.5–2 mm long. It is darker than the female and lacks the abdominal pattern. The median apophysis of the palpal bulb is curved and has a pointed tip.[3]

Taxonomy

Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis was first described by Embrik Strand in 1918.[1] Strand included drawings, but said that further details or a description were not available.[4] It was collected in Yunoharu,[4] in Kumamoto Prefecture.[5] The genus Cyrtarachne was included in molecular phylogenetic studies in 2014 and 2020 which placed it in the "cyrtarachnines" in the subfamily Cyrtarachninae s.l.[2][6]

References
  1. "Taxon details Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis Strand, 1918", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2021-01-21
  2. Tanikawa, Akio; Shinkai, Akira & Miyashita, Tadashi (2014), "Molecular Phylogeny of Moth-Specialized Spider Sub-Family Cyrtarachninae, which Includes Bolas Spiders", Zoological Science, 31 (11): 716–720, doi:10.2108/zs140034, PMID 25366153, S2CID 20031154
  3. Kim, S.T. & Lee, S.Y. (2012), "46. Cyrtarachne yunoharuensis Strand, 1918", Invertebrate Fauna of Korea : Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Araneid spiders, vol. 21, pp. 69–70, ISBN 978-89-97462-69-8
  4. Strand, E. (1918), "Zur Kenntnis japanischer Spinnen, I und II", Archiv für Naturgeschichte (in German), 82: 73–113
  5. Yunoharu Map, Mapcarta
  6. Scharff, N.; Coddington, J.A.; Blackledge, Todd A.; Agnarsson, Ingi; Framenau, Volker W.; Szűts, Tamás; Hayashii, Cheryl Y. & Dimitrov, Dimitar (2020), "Phylogeny of the orb‐weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)", Cladistics, 36 (1): 1–21, doi:10.1111/cla.12382, hdl:1956/22200, PMID 34618955, S2CID 149824795
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