Cytomixis

Cytomixis is migration of the nuclei from one plant cell to another through intercellular channels of a special type (cytomictic channels), differing from plasmodesmata in their structure and size.[1] This unique phenomenon was discovered over a century ago.[2][3] Intercellular migration of nuclei has been observed in manifold types of plant tissues, for example, apical meristem cells of woody plants[4] and vegetative tissues of the anther.[5] However, cytomixis is most frequently detectable in microsporogenesis.[6][7] Сytomixis can be involved in the evolutionary processes due to production of unreduced gametes or gametes with varying chromosome numbers.[8][9][10][11] To date cytomixis was found in microsporogenesis of over 400 plant species belonging to 84 families.[12]

References
  1. Mursalimov S., Sidorchuk Yu., Deineko E. (2013) New insights into cytomixis: specific cellular features and prevalence in higher plants. Planta. 238:415–423.
  2. Arnoldy W (1900) Beiträge zur Morphologie der Gymnospermen. IV. Was sind die “Keimbläschen” oder “Hofmeisters-Körperchen” in der Eizelle der Abietineen? Flora 87:194–204.
  3. Gates RR (1911) Pollen formation in Oenothera gigas. Ann Bot 25:909–940.
  4. Guzicka M, Wozny A (2005) Cytomixis in shoot apex of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Trees 18:722–724.
  5. Wang XY, Yu CH, Li X, et al. (2004) Ultrastructural aspects and possible origin of cytoplasmic channels providing intercellular connection in vegetative tissues of anthers. Russ J Plant Physiol 51:110–120.
  6. Lattoo SK, Khan S, Bamotra S, Dhar AK (2006) Cytomixis impairs meiosis and influences reproductive success in Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb) Jacq. – an additional strategy and possible implications. J Biosci 31:629–637.
  7. Kumar P, Singhal VK, Kaur D, Kaur S (2010) Cytomixis and associated meiotic abnormalities affecting pollen fertility in Clematis orientalis. Biologia Plantarum 54:181–184.
  8. Falistocco E, Tosti N, Falcinelli M (1995) Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of diploid Dactylis, one of the origins of 2n gametes. J Hered 86:448–453.
  9. Negron-Ortiz V (2007) Chromosome numbers, nuclear dna content, and polyploidy in Consolea (Cactaceae), an endemic cactus of the Caribbean Islands. Am J Bot 94:1360–1370.
  10. Singhal VK, Kumar P (2008) Impact of cytomixis on meiosis, pollen viability and pollen size in wild populations of Himalayan poppy (Meconopsis aculeata Royle). J Biosci 33:371–380.
  11. Singhal VK, Rana PK, Kumar P, Kaur D (2011) Persistent occurrence of meiotic abnormalities in a new hexaploid cytotype of Thalictrum foetidum from Indian cold deserts. Biologia 66:458–464.
  12. Mursalimov S., Sidorchuk Yu., Deineko E. (2013) New insights into cytomixis: specific cellular features and prevalence in higher plants. Planta. 238:415–423.
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