DKK3

DKK3
Identifiers
Aliases	DKK3, REIC, RIG, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3, CRRL
External IDs	OMIM: 605416 MGI: 1354952 HomoloGene: 8303 GeneCards: DKK3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)[1]
End	12,009,769 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2]
End	111,758,264 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	endothelial cell; ; Brodmann area 23; ; middle temporal gyrus; ; external globus pallidus; ; entorhinal cortex; ; vena cava; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; pons; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; internal globus pallidus;
	Top expressed in
	ciliary body; ; iris; ; aortic valve; ; calvaria; ; ascending aorta; ; utricle; ; primary motor cortex; ; atrioventricular valve; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; corneal stroma;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	co-receptor binding; receptor antagonist activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	negative regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway; multicellular organism development; negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process; negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; anatomical structure morphogenesis; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; Wnt signaling pathway; adrenal gland development; negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process; extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction; negative regulation of signaling receptor activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	27122
	50781
	ENSG00000050165
	ENSMUSG00000030772
	Q9UBP4
	Q9QUN9
	NM_001018057; NM_013253; NM_015881; NM_001330220
	NM_015814; NM_001360257; NM_001360260; NM_001360261
	NP_001018067; NP_001317149; NP_037385; NP_056965
	NP_056629; NP_001347186; NP_001347189; NP_001347190
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a protein in the Dickkopf family that in humans is encoded by the DKK3 gene.[5][6]

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[6]

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000050165 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030772 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, et al. (October 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.
"Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)".

Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (April 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, et al. (April 1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Tsuji T, Miyazaki M, Sakaguchi M, Inoue Y, Namba M (February 2000). "A REIC gene shows down-regulation in human immortalized cells and human tumor-derived cell lines". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 268 (1): 20–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2067. PMID 10652205.
Kobayashi K, Ouchida M, Tsuji T, Hanafusa H, Miyazaki M, Namba M, et al. (January 2002). "Reduced expression of the REIC/Dkk-3 gene by promoter-hypermethylation in human tumor cells". Gene. 282 (1–2): 151–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00838-1. PMID 11814687.
Mao B, Niehrs C (January 2003). "Kremen2 modulates Dickkopf2 activity during Wnt/LRP6 signaling". Gene. 302 (1–2): 179–83. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01106-X. PMID 12527209.
Kurose K, Sakaguchi M, Nasu Y, Ebara S, Kaku H, Kariyama R, et al. (March 2004). "Decreased expression of REIC/Dkk-3 in human renal clear cell carcinoma". The Journal of Urology. 171 (3): 1314–8. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000101047.64379.d4. PMID 14767340.
Hoang BH, Kubo T, Healey JH, Yang R, Nathan SS, Kolb EA, et al. (April 2004). "Dickkopf 3 inhibits invasion and motility of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway". Cancer Research. 64 (8): 2734–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1952. PMID 15087387.
Roman-Gomez J, Jimenez-Velasco A, Agirre X, Castillejo JA, Navarro G, Barrios M, et al. (August 2004). "Transcriptional silencing of the Dickkopfs-3 (Dkk-3) gene by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". British Journal of Cancer. 91 (4): 707–13. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602008. PMC 2364778. PMID 15226763.
Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (October 2004). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites". Protein Science. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161.
Hsieh SY, Hsieh PS, Chiu CT, Chen WY (December 2004). "Dickkopf-3/REIC functions as a suppressor gene of tumor growth". Oncogene. 23 (57): 9183–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208138. PMID 15516983.
Ftouh S, Akbar MT, Hirsch SR, de Belleroche JS (July 2005). "Down-regulation of Dickkopf 3, a regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, in elderly schizophrenic subjects". Journal of Neurochemistry. 94 (2): 520–30. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03239.x. PMID 15998302. S2CID 679696.
Kuphal S, Lodermeyer S, Bataille F, Schuierer M, Hoang BH, Bosserhoff AK (August 2006). "Expression of Dickkopf genes is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma". Oncogene. 25 (36): 5027–36. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209508. PMID 16568085.
Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, Kawakami T, Kawamoto K, Hirata H, et al. (April 2006). "Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection". Clinical Cancer Research. 12 (7 Pt 1): 2109–16. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2468. PMID 16609023.
Veeck J, Bektas N, Hartmann A, Kristiansen G, Heindrichs U, Knüchel R, Dahl E (2008). "Wnt signalling in human breast cancer: expression of the putative Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is frequently suppressed by promoter hypermethylation in mammary tumours". Breast Cancer Research. 10 (5): R82. doi:10.1186/bcr2151. PMC 2614517. PMID 18826564.
Veeck J, Wild PJ, Fuchs T, Schüffler PJ, Hartmann A, Knüchel R, Dahl E (July 2009). "Prognostic relevance of Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) and Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) promoter methylation in human breast cancer". BMC Cancer. 9: 217. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-217. PMC 2717119. PMID 19570204.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000050165 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030772 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10570958-5] Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, et al. (October 1999). "Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family". Gene. 238 (2): 301–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00365-0. PMID 10570958.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: DKK3 dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)".

DKK3

References

Further reading