DMDM hydantoin

DMDM hydantoin is an antimicrobial formaldehyde releaser preservative with the trade name Glydant. DMDM hydantoin is an organic compound belonging to a class of compounds known as hydantoins. It is used in the cosmetics industry and found in products like shampoos, hair conditioners, hair gels, and skin care products.[2][3]

DMDM hydantoin
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Other names
1,2-Dimethylol-5,6-dimethylhydantoine
Glydant
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations DMDMH
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.026.566
EC Number
  • 229-222-8
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C7H12N2O4/c1-7(2)5(12)8(3-10)6(13)9(7)4-11/h10-11H,3-4H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: WSDISUOETYTPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C7H12N2O4/c1-7(2)5(12)8(3-10)6(13)9(7)4-11/h10-11H,3-4H2,1-2H3
    Key: WSDISUOETYTPRL-UHFFFAOYAB
  • O=C1N(C(=O)C(N1CO)(C)C)CO
Properties
C7H12N2O4
Molar mass 188.18 g/mol
Hazards[1]
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H302
P301+P312
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

DMDM hydantoin slowly releases formaldehyde and works as a preservative by making the environment less favorable to microorganisms.

Safety

A patch test study found that "an increase in the use of DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products will also inevitably increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis in consumers allergic to formaldehyde."[4]

The safety of formaldehyde is a topic of ongoing concern, given the prevalence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in industrial uses. Formaldehyde is considered "an important metabolic product in plants and animals (including humans), where it occurs in low but measurable concentrations."[5] However, long-term exposure to formaldehyde (particularly routine inhalation of its fumes) is thought to cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes,[6] headaches, shortness of breath, and aggravation of asthma symptoms.[7][8] It was declared a "toxic product" by the 1999 Canadian Environmental Protection Act,[9] and the US National Toxicology Program officially classed formaldehyde as "known to be a human carcinogen in June 2011.[10][11][12]

In the EU, the maximum allowed concentration of formaldehyde in finished products is 0.2%, and any product that exceeds 0.05% has to include a warning that the product contains formaldehyde.[13]

References
  1. "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dion". gestis.dguv.de.
  2. DMDM hydantoin in the Consumer Product Information Database
  3. DMDM Hydantoin at sci-toys.com
  4. de Groot AC, van Joost T, Bos JD, van der Meeren HL, Weyland JW (1988). "Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin. Relationship to formaldehyde allergy". Contact Dermatitis. 18 (4): 197–201. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02802.x. PMID 3378426. S2CID 221577901.
  5. Franz, Adam W.; Kronemayer, Helmut; Pfeiffer, Daniel; Pilz, Roman D.; Reuss, Gänther; Disteldorf, Walter; Gamer, Armin Otto; Hilt, Albrecht (2016), "Formaldehyde", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, American Cancer Society, pp. 1–34, doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_619.pub2, ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2, retrieved 2021-07-03
  6. "Safety and Health Topics | Formaldehyde | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". 2019-04-11. Archived from the original on 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  7. "Notice of Adoption of Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Technical Support Document for the Derivation of Noncancer Reference Exposure Levels and 6 RELs | OEHHA". 2019-03-23. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  8. Canada, Health (2012-03-29). "Formaldehyde in your home". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  9. "Health Canada - Proposed residential indoor air quality guidelines for formaldehyde". Health Canada. April 2007. Archived from the original on 2013-05-30. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  10. Harris, Gardiner (2011-06-10). "Government Says 2 Common Materials Pose Risk of Cancer". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  11. "Report on Carcinogens (RoC) - National Toxicology Program". 2011-06-08. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  12. "National Toxicology Program: 14th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program (NTP). Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  13. Groot, Anton C. de; Flyvholm, Mari-ann; Lensen, Gerda; Menne, Torkil; Coenraads, Pieter-Jan (2009). "Formaldehyde-releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Contact allergy to formaldehyde and inventory of formaldehyde-releasers". Contact Dermatitis. 61 (2): 63–85. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01582.x. hdl:11370/c3ff7adf-9f21-4564-96e0-0b9c5d025b30. ISSN 0105-1873. PMID 19706047. S2CID 23404196.
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