Mahavira Hall

A Mahavira Hall, usually simply known as a Main Hall, is the main hall or building in a traditional Chinese Buddhist temple, enshrining representations of Gautama Buddha and various other buddhas and bodhisattvas.[1][2] It is encountered throughout East Asia.

This article is about the Main Hall in Chinese Buddhist temple. For the Main Hall in Japanese Buddhist temple, see Main Hall (Japanese Buddhism).

Mahavira Hall
Mahavira Hall of Nam Tin Chuk Temple (南天竺寺) in Hong Kong
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese大雄寶殿
Simplified Chinese大雄宝殿
Literal meaningPrecious Hall of the Great Hero
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabetĐại hùng Bửu điện (Đại hùng Bảo điện)
Chính điện (Chánh điện)
Chữ Hán大雄寶殿
正殿
Korean name
Hangul대웅전
Hanja大雄殿
Japanese name
Kanji大雄宝殿

Names

From their importance and use, they are often simply known in English as the temples' "Main" or "Great Halls". The term "Mahavira Hall", also encountered as "Mahāvīra Hall" or "Hall of the Mahāvīra", is a reverse translation, employing the original Sanskrit term in place of its Chinese or English equivalent. They are also known as the Precious Hall of the Great Hero, the Hall of Great Strength, or the Daxiongbao Hall. Less often, a main hall is called an "adytum", after the equivalent area in Greco-Roman temples.[3] It is also sometimes misunderstood as the "Great, Powerful, and Precious Palace".[4]

Description

Mahavira Hall is the main hall of a Buddhist temple. It is generally located in the north of the Heavenly King Hall and serves as the core architecture of the whole temple and also a place for monks to practice. Statues of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism are enshrined in the hall.[5][6][7]

Sakyamuni statues enshrined in the Mahavira Hall have three modeling postures. The first is sitting in the lotus posture with the left hand placing on the left foot and the right hand dropping naturally, representing that he has sacrificed all he has for people before he becomes Buddha. All these can only be proved by the ground. This posture of the statues is called "posture of becoming Buddha" (成道相). The second is sitting in the lotus posture with the left hand placing on the left foot and the right hand's finger ringing. This is called "posture of preaching" (說法相), showing his postures when preaching. The third is a standing Buddha with the left hand dropping, signifying the hope that all people can fulfill their wishes, and the right hand stretching arm, indicating all people can relieve their sufferings. This posture is called "Sandalwood Buddha" (旃檀佛相). Usually two disciples' statues are placed next to the statue of Sakyamuni, the older is called "Mahakassapa" and the middle-aged is called "Ānanda".[5][6][7]

At the back of Sakyamuni's statue, three statues of Bodhisattva facing the north are usually enshrined. They are Manjusri Bodhisattva riding a lion, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva riding a white elephant and Guanyin Bodhisattva riding a dragon. Some temples also set island scene behind Sakyamuni's statue and only enshrine the statue Guanyin Bodhisattva with a clean vase of water and a willow branch in it.[5][6][7]

Examples

See also

References
  1. Fotopoulou, Sophia (15 September 2002). "The Layout of a Typical Chinese Buddhist Temple". Newsfinder.org. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  2. 佛法教学的 [The Art of Buddha Teaching] (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  3. Thomson, John (1874), Illustrations of China and Its People: A Series of Two Hundred Photographs with Letterpress Descriptive of the Places and People Represented, Vol. I, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle, Honam Temple, Canton.
  4. Wright, G.N. (1843), China, in a Series of Views, Displaying the Scenery, Architecture, and Social Habits, of that Ancient Empire, Vol. III, London: illustrated by Thomas Allom for Fisher, Son, & Co., p. 66.
  5. Zi Yan (1 August 2012). Famous Temples in China. Beijing: Time Publishing and Media Co., Ltd. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-7-5461-3146-7.
  6. Wei Ran (1 June 2012). Buddhist Buildings. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. ISBN 9787112142880.
  7. Han Xin (1 April 2006). Well-Known Temples of China. Shanghai: The Eastern Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 7506024772.
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