Dalechampia

Dalechampia is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae and of the monogeneric subtribe Dalechampiinae. It is widespread across lowland tropical areas (generally below 2,000 m ASL) primarily in the Americas with smaller numbers of species in Africa, Madagascar, and southern Asia.[1][2] Additional new species are still being described and several are very rare and at risk of extinction.[3][4][5][6]

Dalechampia
Dalechampia scandens, Ecuador
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Plukenetieae
Subtribe: Dalechampiinae
Genus: Dalechampia
L. 1753
Synonyms[1]

Dalechampia has unisexual flowers that are secondarily united into bisexual blossoms (pseudanthia), which act as the pollination units. The pollination and floral evolution of this genus have been studied more intensively than perhaps any other member of the euphorbia family. In the neotropics (Americas), most species are pollinated by resin-collecting female bees, including euglossine bees and Hypanthidium of the Megachilidae, which use resin in nest construction. About a dozen neotropical species (including D. spathulata, shown below) are pollinated by fragrance-collecting male euglossine bees, which use these fragrances to attract females for mating. There are at least three independent pollination shifts from pollination by female resin-collecting bees to pollination by male fragrance-collecting bees. African and Asian species are also pollinated by resin-collecting megachilid bees, but Malagasy species are pollinated by pollen-feeding beetles and pollen-collecting bees.

Two species are of horticultural interest, D. spathulata and D. aristolochiifolia, have particularly showy blossoms with bright pink/purple bracts. Dalechampia aristolochiifolia, from Peru, has become very popular recently, but it is mistakenly advertised and distributed under the name D. dioscoreifolia.

Dalechampia aristolochiifolia
Dalechampia caperonioides
Dalechampia dioscoreifoila
Dalechampia linearis
Dalechampia peckoltiana
Dalechampia schippii
Dalechampia spathulata
Dalechampia tiliifolia
Species[1]
  1. Dalechampia adscendens – Bolivia, Mato Grosso do Sul
  2. Dalechampia affinis – N South America
  3. Dalechampia alata – Bahia, Rio de Janeiro
  4. Dalechampia albibracteosa – El Beni
  5. Dalechampia allemii – Bahia
  6. Dalechampia anomala – Paraguay, Paraná
  7. Dalechampia arciana – Bahia
  8. Dalechampia arenalensis – Costa Rica
  9. Dalechampia aristolochiifolia – Peru
  10. Dalechampia armbrusteri – Bahia, Espírito Santo
  11. Dalechampia attenuistylus – Venezuela, Suriname, Fr Guiana
  12. Dalechampia bangii – Bolivia, Paraguay, Rio Grande do Sul
  13. Dalechampia bernieri – Madagascar
  14. Dalechampia bidentata – Yunnan, SE Asia
  15. Dalechampia boliviana – Bolivia, Paraguay, Rio Grande do Sul
  16. Dalechampia brasiliensis – E Brazil
  17. Dalechampia brevicolumna – Suriname, Fr Guiana
  18. Dalechampia brevipedunculata – Amazonas in Brazil
  19. Dalechampia brevipes – Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo
  20. Dalechampia brownsbergensis – NE South America
  21. Dalechampia burchellii – Goiás
  22. Dalechampia burgeriana – Costa Rica
  23. Dalechampia burmanica – Myanmar
  24. Dalechampia canescens – SE Central America, NW South America
  25. Dalechampia capensis – E + S Africa
  26. Dalechampia caperonioides – Goiás, Brasília, Minas Gerais
  27. Dalechampia catati – Madagascar
  28. Dalechampia chevalieri – Cameroon, Central African Rep
  29. Dalechampia chlorocephala – Madagascar
  30. Dalechampia cissifolia – Mexico, Central America, NW + W South America
  31. Dalechampia clausseniana – Brazil
  32. Dalechampia clematidifolia – Madagascar
  33. Dalechampia convolvuloides – E Brazil
  34. Dalechampia coriacea – Bahia
  35. Dalechampia cujabensis – Mato Grosso
  36. Dalechampia decaryi – Madagascar
  37. Dalechampia denticulata – Cuba
  38. Dalechampia dioscoreifolia from Nicaragua to Bolivia
  39. Dalechampia elongata – N Thailand
  40. Dalechampia falcata – Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam
  41. Dalechampia fernandesii – Ceará
  42. Dalechampia ficifolia – E Brazil
  43. Dalechampia fragrans – Suriname, French Guiana
  44. Dalechampia francisceana – Minas Gerais
  45. Dalechampia galpinii – southern Africa
  46. Dalechampia gentryi – Peru, NW Brazil
  47. Dalechampia glechomifolia – S Brazil, Misiones
  48. Dalechampia granadilla – Rio de Janeiro
  49. Dalechampia guaranitica – Paraguay
  50. Dalechampia hassleriana – Paraguay, Paraná
  51. Dalechampia hastata – Amazonas in Brazil
  52. Dalechampia herzogiana – Bolivia, Mato Grosso do Sul
  53. Dalechampia heterobractea – N Brazil, Venezuela, 3 Guianas
  54. Dalechampia hispida – Peru, Ecuador
  55. Dalechampia humilis – Brazil
  56. Dalechampia hutchisoniana – Peru
  57. Dalechampia ilheotica – Pernambuco, Bahia
  58. Dalechampia indica – S India, Sri Lanka
  59. Dalechampia ipomoeifolia – tropical Africa
  60. Dalechampia juruana – NW South America
  61. Dalechampia karsteniana – N Colombia
  62. Dalechampia katangensis – Katanga
  63. Dalechampia laevigata – S Mexico, Belize, Honduras
  64. Dalechampia leandrii – Rio de Janeiro
  65. Dalechampia leucophylla – Goiás
  66. Dalechampia liesneri – S Venezuela, NW Brazil
  67. Dalechampia linearis – Brazil, Paraguay
  68. Dalechampia luetzelburgii – Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia
  69. Dalechampia magnistipulata – Veracruz, Oaxaca
  70. Dalechampia magnoliifolia – N + WC South America
  71. Dalechampia martiana – São Paulo
  72. Dalechampia megacarpa – S Venezuela, NW Brazil
  73. Dalechampia meridionalis – Uruguay, S Brazil
  74. Dalechampia micrantha – N + NW South America
  75. Dalechampia micromeria – S Brazil, Paraguay
  76. Dalechampia occidentalis – Mato Grosso
  77. Dalechampia olfersiana – Minas Gerais
  78. Dalechampia olympiana – Amazonas in Brazil
  79. Dalechampia osana – Osa Peninsula
  80. Dalechampia papillistigma – Bolívar
  81. Dalechampia parvibracteata – NE South America
  82. Dalechampia pavoniifolia – Somalia
  83. Dalechampia peckoltiana – Rio de Janeiro
  84. Dalechampia pentaphylla – Brazil
  85. Dalechampia pernambucensis – Ceará, Pernambuco
  86. Dalechampia perrieri – Madagascar
  87. Dalechampia psilogyne – Goiás
  88. Dalechampia purpurata – Bahia
  89. Dalechampia regnellii – Minas Gerais
  90. Dalechampia reitzkleinii – Santa Catarina
  91. Dalechampia riedeliana – Mato Grosso
  92. Dalechampia riparia – Santa Catarina
  93. Dalechampia rubrivenia- Paraguay
  94. Dalechampia scandens – Latin America, West Indies
  95. Dalechampia schenckiana – Pernambuco
  96. Dalechampia schippii – Belize
  97. Dalechampia schottii – Yucatán
  98. Dalechampia serrula – Canindeyú
  99. Dalechampia shankii – Central America, Colombia, Ecuador
  100. Dalechampia sinuata – Madagascar
  101. Dalechampia spathulata – Central America, S Mexico
  102. Dalechampia stenoloba – Karnataka
  103. Dalechampia stenosepala – S Brazil, Paraguay, NE Argentina
  104. Dalechampia stipulacea – South America
  105. Dalechampia subintegra – Bahia
  106. Dalechampia subternata – Madagascar
  107. Dalechampia sylvestris – Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia
  108. Dalechampia tamifolia – Mauritius, Comoros, Madagascar, SW India
  109. Dalechampia tenuiramea – Brazil, S Venezuela, Bolivia
  110. Dalechampia tiliifolia – Central America, S Mexico, N + W South America, Trinidad
  111. Dalechampia trifoliata – E Africa
  112. Dalechampia triphylla – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro
  113. Dalechampia uleana – Brazil, Peru, Bolivia
  114. Dalechampia ulmifolia – E. Paraguay, Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
  115. Dalechampia variifolia – Minas Gerais
  116. Dalechampia velutina – Tamil Nadu
  117. Dalechampia violacea – Rio Grande do Sul
  118. Dalechampia viridissima – Bahia, Espírito Santo
  119. Dalechampia weberbaueri – Peru
  120. Dalechampia websteri – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
  121. Dalechampia weddelliana – Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay

References
  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil "2010". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-08-20.. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  4. Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Botánica 73(2): 155–281.
  5. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980–2005. Flora of Pakistan University of Karachi, Karachi
  6. Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 258 黄蓉花属 huang rong hua shu Dalechampia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753.
  • Armbruster WS. 1984. The role of resin in angiosperm pollination: ecological and chemical considerations. American Journal of Botany 71: 1149–1160.
  • Armbruster WS. 1985. Patterns of character divergence and the evolution of reproductive ecotypes of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). Evolution 39: 733–752.
  • Armbruster WS. 1988. Multilevel comparative analysis of morphology, function, and evolution of Dalechampia blossoms. Ecology 69: 1746–1761.
  • Armbruster WS. 1990. Estimating and testing the shapes of adaptive surfaces: the morphology and pollination of Dalechampia blossoms. American Naturalist 135: 14–31.
  • Armbruster WS, Gong Y-B, Huang S-Q. 2011. Are pollination “syndromes” predictive? --Asian Dalechampia fit neotropical models. American Naturalist 178: 135–143.
  • Armbruster WS, Lee J, Edwards ME, Baldwin BG. 2013. Floral paedomorphy leads to secondary specialization in pollination of Madagascar Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae). Evolution 67:1196–1203.
  • Armbruster WS, Herzig AL, 1984. Partitioning and sharing of pollinators by four sympatric species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) in Panama. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 71: 1–16.
  • Webster GL, Armbruster WS. 1991. A synopsis of the neotropical species of Dalechampia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, London 105: 137–177.
  • Webster GL, Webster BD. 1972. Morphology and relationships of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). American Journal of Botany 59: 573–586.
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