Danagla

The Danagla (Arabic: الدناقلة, "People of Dongola") are a tribe in northern Sudan of partial Arab descent,[1][2][3] primarily settling between the third Nile cataract and al Dabbah. Along with Kenzi, Fadicca, Halfawi, Sikot, and Mahas, they form a significant part of the Sudanese Arabs. The Danagla numbered 186,000 in 1983, though their exact number today is difficult to ascertain, they may number up to 93,000 people and make up 0.19 per cent of Sudan's population.[4][5] In addition, they have historically lived in proximity to their Shaigiya and Ja'alin neighbors. They speak Sudanese Arabic, although the Nubian language of Dongolawi was spoken in northern Sudan.[6] It is still spoken by a minority of the population[7] alongside the Sudanese Arabic dialect.

Genetics

According to Y-DNA analysis by Hassan et al (2008), around 44% of Nubians and Danaglas generally in Sudan carry the haplogroup J in individually varied but rather small percentages. The remainder mainly belong to the E1b1b clade (23%). Both paternal lineages are also common among local Afroasiatic-speaking populations.[8]

Thus it's observed that approximately 83% of their Nubian samples carried various subclades of the Africa-centered macrohaplogroup L. Of these mtDNA lineages, the most frequently borne clade was L3 (30.8%), followed by the L0a (20.6%), L2 (10.3%), L1 (6.9%), L4 (6.9%) and L5 (6.9%) haplogroups. The remaining 17% of Nubians belonged to sublineages of the Eurasian macrohaplogroups M (3.4% M/D, 3.4% M1) and N (3.4% N1a, 3.4% preHV1, 3.4% R/U6a1). These results can be used as rough estimates of genetics most Nubians hold.

Notes
  1. Pasha, Rudolf Carl Slatin (1896). Fire and Sword in the Sudan : a Personal Narrative of Fighting and Serving the Dervishes, 1879-1895. Arnold. p. 11. This Dangal founded a town after his own name, Dangala (Dongola), and gradually the inhabitants of the district were known as Dangala. They are, for the most part, of Arab descent...
  2. Adebanwi, Wale; Orock, Rogers (2021-05-24). Elites and the Politics of Accountability in Africa. University of Michigan Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-472-05481-7. Dangala (Arab tribe)
  3. Wai, Dunstan M. (1981). The African-Arab Conflict in the Sudan. Africana Publishing Company. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-8419-0631-0. Dangala Arabs
  4. "The Migration of the Danagla to Port Sudan: A Case Study on the Impact of Migration on the Change of Identity". Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  5. "Sudan" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  6. Reinisch 1879, p. VII.
  7. "Glottolog 4.6 - Dongola". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  8. Hollfelder, Nina; Schlebusch, Carina M.; Günther, Torsten; Babiker, Hiba; Hassan, Hisham Y.; Jakobsson, Mattias (2017-08-24). "Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations". PLOS Genetics. 13 (8): e1006976. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976. ISSN 1553-7390. PMC 5587336. PMID 28837655.

Literature
  • Bjokelo, Anders (2003). Prelude to the Mahdiyya: Peasants and Traders in the Shendi Region, 1821-1851. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521534445.
  • Adams, William Y. (1977). Nubia. Corridor to Africa. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09370-3.
  • Reinisch, Leo (1879). Nuba-Sprache. Erster Theil. Gramamtik und Texte. Wilhelm Braumüller.


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