Dark siren

A dark siren is a gravitational wave event without electromagnetic counterparts.[1] They are significant as part of a method used by astronomers to establish the Hubble constant, first suggested by Bernard F. Schutz in 1986.[2] Dark sirens are caused by mergers of two black holes or two neutron stars. The collision of two such objects creates distortions in space-time which propagate as waves through space. These events are fairly rare in the universe, and must be detected by multiple gravitational wave telescopes in order to be valuable for scientists.

A dark siren is an alternate form of a standard siren, an interstellar measurement of "loudness" of gravitational waves (analogous to sound waves). The binary black hole merger GW170814 in 2017 was used as a standard siren to measure the Hubble constant to a value of 75+40
−32 (km/s)/Mpc.[3]

References

Mann, Adam (2021-04-09). "'Dark sirens' could solve one of the greatest mysteries in cosmology". livescience.com. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
Schutz, Bernard F. (1986). "Determining the Hubble constant from gravitational wave observations". Nature. 323: 310–311. doi:10.1038/323310a0. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-73C1-2.
Soares-Santos, M.; et al. (2019). "First Measurement of the Hubble Constant from a Dark Standard Siren using the Dark Energy Survey Galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo Binary–Black-hole Merger GW170814". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 876 (1): L7. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab14f1. S2CID 85502821.

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[1] Mann, Adam (2021-04-09). "'Dark sirens' could solve one of the greatest mysteries in cosmology". livescience.com. Retrieved 2021-09-30.

[2] Schutz, Bernard F. (1986). "Determining the Hubble constant from gravitational wave observations". Nature. 323: 310–311. doi:10.1038/323310a0. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-73C1-2.

[3] Soares-Santos, M.; et al. (2019). "First Measurement of the Hubble Constant from a Dark Standard Siren using the Dark Energy Survey Galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo Binary–Black-hole Merger GW170814". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 876 (1): L7. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab14f1. S2CID 85502821.