National Spatial Reference System

The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), managed by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), is a coordinate system that includes latitude, longitude, elevation, and other values. The NSRS consists of a National Shoreline, the NOAA CORS Network[1] (a system of Global Positioning System Continuously Operating Reference Stations), a network of permanently marked points, and a set of models that describe dynamic geophysical processes affecting spatial measurements. The system is based on NAD 83 and NAVD 88.[2]

In 2024 or 2025, the NSRS will be modernized with a focus on GNSS and geoid use. It will use the following four frames of reference, each representing a tectonic plate:[3][4]

  • North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022)
  • Pacific Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (PTRF2022)
  • Caribbean Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (CTRF2022)
  • Mariana Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (MTRF2022)
    A (relatively prominent) survey monument that is part of the NSRS[5]

Datum of 2022
Geodesy
Fundamentals
Concepts
Technologies
Standards (history)
NGVD 29 Sea Level Datum 1929
OSGB36 Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
SK-42 Systema Koordinat 1942 goda
ED50 European Datum 1950
SAD69 South American Datum 1969
GRS 80 Geodetic Reference System 1980
ISO 6709 Geographic point coord. 1983
NAD 83 North American Datum 1983
WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984
NAVD 88 N. American Vertical Datum 1988
ETRS89 European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989
GCJ-02 Chinese obfuscated datum 2002
Geo URI Internet link to a point 2010

The Datum of 2022 is a placeholder name for a new geodetic datum set to be produced by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey in 2024–2025[6][7] to improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) by replacing the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum.[8]

The new reference frames will rely primarily on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as on a gravimetric geoid model resulting from NGS' Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project.

These new reference frames are intended be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.[8]

See also

References

Attribution: contains public domain material copied from ngs.noaa.gov

  1. "NGS - NCN Homepage". geodesy.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  2. "The National Spatial Reference System". National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
  3. "How to Transition to the United States 2022 National Coordinate System Without Getting Left Behind" (PDF).
  4. Smith, Dru; Roman, Dan; Hilla, Steve. "NOAA Technical Report NOS NGS 62: Blueprint for 2022, Part 1: Geometric Coordinates" (PDF). National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
  5. "NGS Datasheet for marker DH4418 @ Chamberlain, SD".
  6. US Department of Commerce, NOAA; US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Delayed Release of Modernized NSRS, New Datums". geodesy.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  7. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ - New Datums - National Geodetic Survey". geodesy.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  8. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "New Datums - National Geodetic Survey". www.ngs.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
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