Davis gun

The Davis gun was the first true recoilless gun developed and taken into service. It was developed by Commander Cleland Davis[1] of the United States Navy in 1910, just prior to World War I.

Davis Gun
Davis gun mounted on Curtiss F5L anti-submarine seaplane
TypeRecoilless cannon
Place of originUnited States
Service history
Used byRoyal Naval Air Service
WarsWorld War I
Production history
DesignerCleland Davis
Designed1912–1914

Development
Different types of Davis-type ammunition[2]

Davis' design connected two guns back to back, with the backwards-facing gun loaded with lead balls and grease of the same weight as the shell in the other gun, acting as a counter. His idea was used experimentally by the British and Americans as an anti-Zeppelin and anti-submarine weapon[3] mounted on the British Handley Page O/100 and O/400 bombers and the American Curtiss Twin JN[1] and Curtiss HS-2L and H-16 flying boats. The direct development of the gun ended with the end of World War I in November 1918, but the firing principle has been copied by later designs.

Description

The gun was made in three sizes: 2-pounder, 6-pounder and 12-pounder; 1.57 in (40 mm), 2.45 in (62 mm),[4] and 3 in (76 mm) in caliber respectively, firing 2-pound (0.91 kg), 6-pound (2.7 kg), and 12-pound (5.4 kg) shells. The 3-inch gun carried a pressure of 15 tons per square inch (2,109 kg per cm2) when fired.[5] Usually a Lewis machine gun was mounted on top of the Davis gun's barrel for use in sighting and as an auxiliary and anti-aircraft weapon.

Aircraft used

The gun was tested on various aircraft and some aircraft were designed to carry the gun:

Surviving examples

There are examples at the Naval Aviation Museum at Pensacola, Florida, the Imperial War Museum in London, and the Kentucky Historical Society in Frankfort, Kentucky.

See also

References
  1. Williams, Anthony G (August 2014). "The Cannon Pioneers: The early development and use of aircraft cannon". Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  2. United States. Navy Dept. Bureau of Ordnance (1923). Ammunition : instructions for the naval service, 1923. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 162.
  3. "DAVIS AMMUNITION". www.big-ordnance.com. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  4. Williams give 57mm calibre
  5. "United States of America Experimental and Miscellaneous 3" (7.62 cm) Guns". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  6. Trimble, William F. (1990). Wings for the Navy: A History of the Naval Aircraft Factory, 1917-1956 (1st ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 0-87021-663-5.

Bibliography
  • Russell, Mark (2019). "Bring Out the Big Guns: British Military Aviation & the Development of the Heavy Cannon, 1914–39". The Aviation Historian (28): 60–69. ISSN 2051-1930.
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