Degenerative disease
Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time.[1]
In neurodegenerative diseases, cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration. An example of this is Alzheimer's disease.[2] The other two common groups of degenerative diseases are those that affect circulatory system (e.g. coronary artery disease) and neoplastic diseases (e.g. cancers).[1]
Many degenerative diseases exist and some are related to aging. Normal bodily wear or lifestyle choices (such as exercise or eating habits) may worsen degenerative diseases, but this depends on the disease.[1] Sometimes the main or partial cause behind such diseases is genetic.[3] Thus some are clearly hereditary like Huntington's disease.[4] Sometimes the cause is viruses, poisons or other chemicals. The cause may also be unknown.[3]
Some degenerative diseases can be cured. In those that can not, it may be possible to alleviate the symptoms.[1]
Examples
- Alzheimer's disease (AD)[5]
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis[5] (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease)
- Cancers[1]
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT)[6]
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy[7]
- Cystic fibrosis[8]
- Some cytochrome c oxidase deficiencies (often the cause of degenerative Leigh syndrome)[9]
- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome[10]
- Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
- Friedreich's ataxia[11]
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)[12]
- Some cardiovascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerotic ones like coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, congenital defects etc.)[13]
- Huntington's disease[4]
- Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy[14]
- Keratoconus (KC)[15]
- Keratoglobus[16]
- Leukodystrophies[17]
- Macular degeneration (AMD)[18]
- Marfan's syndrome (MFS)[19]
- Some mitochondrial myopathies[20]
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome[21]
- Mueller–Weiss syndrome[22]
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)[23]
- Multiple system atrophy[24]
- Muscular dystrophies (MD)[25]
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis[26]
- Niemann–Pick diseases[27]
- Osteoarthritis[28]
- Osteoporosis[28]
- Parkinson's disease[5]
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension[29]
- All prion diseases (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia etc.)[5]
- Progressive supranuclear palsy[30]
- Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)[31]
- Rheumatoid arthritis[32]
- Sandhoff Disease[33]
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA, motor neuron disease)[34]
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis[35]
- Substance Use Disorder[36]
- Tay–Sachs disease[33]
- Vascular dementia (might not itself be neurodegenerative, but often appears alongside other forms of degenerative dementia)[37]
References
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- Barik, R (2016). "Degenerative aortic valve disease and coronary artery disease are either side of a coin". Indian Heart Journal. 68 (3): 432. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2015.09.010. ISSN 0019-4832. PMC 4911461. PMID 27316510.
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- Wallang, BS; Das, S (2013). "Keratoglobus". Eye. 27 (9): 1004–1012. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.130. ISSN 0950-222X. PMC 3772364. PMID 23807384.
- van der Knaap, MS; Bugiani, M (2017). "Leukodystrophies: a proposed classification system based on pathological changes and pathogenetic mechanisms". Acta Neuropathologica. 134 (3): 351–382. doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1739-1. ISSN 0001-6322. PMC 5563342. PMID 28638987.
- Anand, A; Sharma, K; Chen, W; Sharma, NK (2014). "Using Current Data to Define New Approach in Age Related Macular Degeneration: Need to Accelerate Translational Research". Current Genomics. 15 (4): 266–277. doi:10.2174/1389202915666140516204512. ISSN 1389-2029. PMC 4133950. PMID 25132797.
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- El-Hattab, AW; Scaglia, F (2013). "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndromes: Review and Updates of Genetic Basis, Manifestations, and Therapeutic Options". Neurotherapeutics. 10 (2): 186–198. doi:10.1007/s13311-013-0177-6. ISSN 1933-7213. PMC 3625391. PMID 23385875.
- Hermena, Shady; Francis, Monica (2021-10-11). "Clinical Presentation, Imaging Features, and Management of Müller–Weiss Disease". Cureus. 13 (10): e18659. doi:10.7759/cureus.18659. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 8579404. PMID 34786245.
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