Demographic profile

A demographic profile is a form of demographic analysis in which information is gathered about a group to better understand the group's composition or behaviors for the purpose of providing more relevant services.

In business, a demographic profile is usually used to increase marketing efficiency. This is done by using gathered data to determine how to advertise products or services to specific audiences and identify gaps in marketing strategy.[1] By focusing on a specific audience, a company can more efficiently spend advertising resources to maximize sales.[2] This tactic is more direct than simply advertising on the basis that everyone is a potential consumer; while this may be true, it does not capitalize on the increased returns that more focused marketing can generate.[3]

Traditional demographic profiling involves gathering information on large groups of people in order to identify common trends,[4] such as changes in population size or composition over time. These trends can be identified by analyzing data gained through surveys, censuses, in-store purchase information, records, registries, and so on.[2] Analysis of this information may promote change in services for a population subset, such as children, the elderly, or working-age people.[1] Newer methods of collecting and using information for demographic profiling include target-sampling, quota-sampling, and door-to-door screening.[5]

A comprehensive demographic profile is a powerful tool for marketing. Detailed information about potential customers provides insight into how to best sell them a product.[4] The term "demographic profiling" is sometimes used as a euphemism for industrial espionage.[6]

Methods

Historically, a census has been the most important tool when it comes to tracking demographic data such as population, births, deaths, and relationship status. The United States census was first introduced in 1790 and has been taken every 10 years since under constitutional law. While the questions in the US Census vary each decade, its aim is to quantifiable measure characteristics about the residents within its borders, such as marital status, age, sex, race, education status, employment status, and location. Even though the US Census is the most relied-on tool for collecting this information, it still has its flaws, such as overcount and undercount, which have caused controversy in previous years.[7]

Metadata provides a modern method of constructing demographic profiles.[8] Certain types of digital metadata are generated by a user's online behavior—such as which websites are frequently visited, the amount of time spent on each website, the website interactions or purchase history, and which other users were interacted with—and serve as a digital footprint. Metadata collection is so pervasive that businesses record most aspects of a user's online activity.[4] Companies such as Google and Facebook make enormous profits through generating and processing metadata, which can then be used for targeted advertising. This process impacts the user's online experience, such as curating which ads are displayed or which websites are suggested.[8][4]

Controversy

Metadata collection has proven to be a controversial topic, with concerns expressed over how and why detailed personal information is saved and used by businesses.[8] To avoid future legislation limiting metadata collection, companies must act ethically and have people's privacy in mind when they target people for advertising.[8]

An example of how this could become an issue is presented by Ewing et al. (2013), who proposed the idea of a virtual reality shopping programme. Within this programme, the shopper is greeted by a virtual attendant who knows them by name and suggests an array of suitable clothing options based on their past purchases. The shopper is delighted by the seamless nature of this shopping experience. However, when they try to pay with their credit card, the virtual attendee reveals an unreasonably detailed knowledge about the shopper's financial situation, such as their credit score, payment history, and financial responsibility. This example highlights the need for discretion in the extent to which information is gathered, and how it is applied.[9]

World demographic profile (2017)

2017
World Population7,405,107,650 (July 2017)
10 Most Populated Countries (In Millions)China: 1379.3

India: 1281.93

United States: 326.6

Indonesia: 260.58

Brazil: 207.35

Pakistan: 204.92

Nigeria: 190.63

Bangladesh: 157.83

Russia: 142.26

Japan: 126.45

Age Structure0–14 years: 25.44% (male 963,981,944/female 898,974,458)

15–24 years: 16.16% (male 611,311,930/female 572,229,547)

25–54 years: 41.12% (male 1,522,999,578/female 1,488,011,505)

55–64 years: 8.6% (male 307,262,939/female 322,668,546)

65 years and over: 8.68% (male 283,540,918/female 352,206,092)

Dependency Ratiototal dependency ratio: 52.5

youth dependency ratio: 39.9

elderly dependency ratio: 12.6

potential support ratio: 7.9

Median agetotal: 30.4 years

male: 29.6 years

female: 31.1 years

Birth rate4.3 births every second
Death rate1.8 deaths every second
Maternal mortality216 deaths/100,000 live births
Sex ratioat birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0–14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

15–24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25–54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

55–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female

total population: 1.02 male(s)/female

Life Expectancytotal population: 69 years

male: 67 years

female: 71.1 years

Total Fertility Rate2.42 children born/woman
LanguagesMandarin Chinese: 12.2%

Spanish: 5.8%

English: 4.6%

Arabic: 3.6%

Hindi: 3.6%

Portuguese: 2.8%

Bengali: 2.6%

Russian: 2.3%

Japanese: 1.7%

  • Percentages for "first language" speakers only; the six UN languages – Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish which are mother tongues for approximately half of the world's population. They are also the official languages in over half the countries in the world with more than a million first-language speakers.
  • There are an estimated 7,000 languages spoken in the world and about 80% of the languages are spoken by >100,000 people and approximately 130 of those languages are spoken by >10 people.
  • There is an estimated amount of 2,300 languages spoken in Asia, 2,140 in Africa, 1,310 in the Pacific, 1,060 in the Americas, and 290 in Europe.
ReligionsChristian: 31.4%

Muslim: 23.2%

Hindu: 15%

Buddhist: 7.1%

folk religions: 5.9%

Jewish: 0.2%

other: 0.8%

unaffiliated: 16.4%

Source: CIA World Factbook[10]

Demographic profiles of top 3 most populated countries

United States

The United States2017
Population326,625,791
Age Structure0–14 years: 18.73% (male 31,255,995 per female 29,919,938)

15–24 years: 13.27% (male 22,213,952 per female 21,137,826)

25–54 years: 39.45% (male 64,528,673 per female 64,334,499)

55–64 years: 12.91% (male 20,357,880 per female 21,821,976)

65 years and over: 15.63% (male 22,678,235 per female 28,376,817)

Dependency Ratiostotal dependency ratio: 51.2

youth dependency ratio: 29

elderly dependency ratio: 22.1

potential support ratio: 4.5

Population Growth Rate0.81%
Birth Rate12.5 births per 1,000 people
Death Rate8.2 deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration3.9 migrant(s) per 1,000 people
Sex Ratio0–14 years: 1.04 male(s) per female

15–24 years: 1.05 male(s) per female

25–54 years: 1 male(s) per female

55–64 years: 0.93 male(s) per female

65 years and over: 0.79 male(s) per female

total population: 0.97 male(s) per female

Infant Mortalitytotal: 5.8 deaths per 1,000 live births

male: 6.3 deaths per 1,000 live births

female: 5.3 deaths per 1,000 live births

Ethnic GroupsWhite: 72.4%

Black: 12.6%

Asian: 4.8%

Amerindian and Alaska native: 0.9%

native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: 0.2%

Other: 6.2%

'Two or more races: 2.9%

Maternal Mortality14 deaths per 100,000 live births
Education Expenditure4.9% of GDP
LanguagesEnglish: 79%

Spanish: 13%

other Indo-European: 3.7%

Asian and Pacific island: 3.4%

Other: 1%

ReligionsProtestant: 46.5%

Roman Catholic: 20.8%

Jewish: 1.9%

Mormon: 1.6%

other Christian: 0.9%

Muslim: 0.9%

Jehovah's Witness: 0.8%

Buddhist: 0.7%

Hindu: 0.7%:

other: 1.8%

unaffiliated: 22.8%

don't know/refused: 0.6%

Total Fertility Rate1.87 children born per woman
Life Expectancy at Birthtotal population: 80 years

male: 77.7 years

female: 82.2 years

Source: CIA World Factbook[10]

China

China2017
Population1,384,688,986
Age Structure0–14 years: 17.15% (male 127,484,177/female 109,113,241)

15–24 years: 12.78% (male 94,215,607 per female 82,050,623)

25–54 years: 48.51% (male 341,466,438 per female 327,661,460)

55–64 years: 10.75% (male 74,771,050 per female 73,441,177)

65 years and over: 10.81% (male 71,103,029 per female 77,995,969)

Dependency Ratiototal dependency ratio: 37.7%

youth dependency ratio: 24.3%

elderly dependency ratio: 13.3%

potential support ratio: 7.5%

Population Growth0.41%
Death Rate7.8 deaths per 1,000 people
Birth Rate12.3 births per 1,000 people
Sex Ratioat birth: 1.15 male(s) per female

0–14 years: 1.17 male(s) per female

15–24 years: 1.14 male(s) per female

25–54 years: 1.04 male(s) per female

55–64 years: 1.02 male(s) per female

65 years and over: 0.92 male(s) per female

total population: 1.06 male(s) per female

Maternal Mortality27 deaths per 100,000 live births
Infant Mortalitytotal: 12 deaths per 1,000 live births

male: 12.3 deaths per 1,000 live births

female: 11.7 deaths per 1,000 live births

Life ExpectancyAverage: 75.7 years

male: 73.6 years

female: 78 years

Total Fertility Rate1.6 children born per woman
Ethnic GroupsHan Chinese: 91.6%

Zhuang: 1.3%,

other: 7.1% (Hui, Manchu, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Tibetan, Mongol, etc.)

ReligionsBuddhist: 18.2%

Christian: 5.1%

Muslim: 1.8%

folk religion: 21.9%

Hindu: < 0.1%

Jewish: < 0.1%

other: 0.7% (Daoist or Taoist)

unaffiliated: 52.2%

Languages- Standard Chinese or Mandarin

- Yue (Cantonese)

- Wu (Shanghainese)

- Minbei (Fuzhou)

- Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese)

- Xiang

- Gan

Literacytotal population: 96.4%

male: 98.2%

female: 94.5%

Source: CIA World Factbook[10]

India

India2017
Population1,281,935,911
Age Structure0–14 years: 27.34% (male 186,087,665 per female 164,398,204)

15–24 years: 17.9% (male 121,879,786 per female 107,583,437)

25–54 years: 41.08% (male 271,744,709/female 254,834,569)

55–64 years: 7.45% (male 47,846,122 per female 47,632,532)

65 years and over: 6.24% (male 37,837,801 per female 42,091,086)

Dependency Ratiototal dependency ratio: 52.2%

youth dependency ratio: 43.6%

elderly dependency ratio: 8.6%

potential support ratio: 11.7%

Population Growth1.17%
Birth Rate19 births per 1,000 people
Death Rate7.3 deaths per 1,000 people
Sex Ratioat birth: 1.12 male(s) per female

0–14 years: 1.13 male(s) per female

15–24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female

25–54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

55–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female

total population: 1.08 male(s)/female

Infant Mortalitytotal: 39.1 deaths per 1,000 live births

male: 38 deaths per 1,000 live births

female: 40.4 deaths per 1,000 live births

Life Expectancytotal population: 68.8 years

male: 67.6 years

female: 70.1 years

Total Fertility Rate2.43 children born per woman
Maternal Mortality174 deaths per 100,000 live births
Ethnic GroupsIndo-Aryan: 72%

Dravidian: 25%

Other: 3%

ReligionsHindu: 79.8%

Muslim: 14.2%

Christian: 2.3%

Sikh: 1.7%

other and unspecified: 2%

LanguagesHindi: 41%

Bengali: 8.1%

Telugu: 7.2%

Marathi: 7%

Tamil: 5.9%

Urdu: 5%

Gujarati: 4.5%

Kannada: 3.7%

Malayalam: 3.2%

Oriya: 3.2%

Punjabi: 2.8%

Assamese: 1.3%

Maithili: 1.2%

other: 5.9%

Literacytotal population: 71.2%

male: 81.3%

female: 60.6%

Source: CIA World Factbook[10]

See also

References

  1. "Lesson 3: Creating a Demographic Profile". MEASURE Evaluation.
  2. FitzGerald, Maureen; Arnott, David (August 1996). "Understanding demographic effects on marketing communications in services". International Journal of Service Industry Management. 7 (3): 31–45. doi:10.1108/09564239610122947. ProQuest 233640609.
  3. Jothi, A. L. (2015). "A study on influence of demographic factors on customers' preference towards cosmetic products". Sumedha Journal of Management. 4 (4): 39–48. ProQuest 1776777815.
  4. "Tech Trends 2016: Understanding the driving forces behind the connected consumer". WARC.
  5. Treiman, Donald J.; Lu, Yao; Qi, Yaqiang (8 December 2014). "New Approaches to Demographic Data Collection". Chinese Sociological Review. 44 (3): 56–92. doi:10.2753/csa2162-0555440303. PMC 3704565. PMID 23844330.
  6. Hudson, John (1 December 2002). "Demographic profiling". Ubiquity. 2002 (December): 1. doi:10.1145/764008.763951. S2CID 28020979.
  7. https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/censr01-2.pdf%5B%5D
  8. "Why Big Data is a Small Idea: And why you shouldn't worry so much". WARC.
  9. Ewing, Tom; Vastenavondt, Joost; de Vos, Koen; Wood, Orlando (2013). "Feel Nothing, Do Nothing: Unlocking the emotional secret of online spending". WARC.
  10. "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". Archived from the original on June 1, 2007.
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