Demographics of Madras Presidency

The first census of the Madras Presidency was taken in the year 1822.[1] It returned a population of 13,476,923.[1] The second census conducted in 1836-37 returned a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 in 15 years.[1] The first quinquennial enumeration of the population was made in 1851–52. It returned a population of 22,031,697.[1] Subsequent enumerations were made in 1856–57, 1861–62 and 1866–67. The population of Madras Presidency was found to be 22,857,855 in 1851–52, 24,656,509 in 1861-62 and 26,539,052 in 1866–67.[1]

Census superintendent and enumerators in Pasumalai, Madras Presidency, circa 1911

The first organized census of India was conducted in 1871. It returned a population of 31,220,973 for Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 returned a population of 49,341,810 for Madras Presidency.

Districts of the Madras Presidency
District District Headquarters Area (in square miles) Year of incorporation Population
1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941
Anantapur Anantapur 5,557 1800 741,255599,899727,725788,254963,2231,166,255
Anjengo[2] Anjengo 1 1906 ----4,817
Bellary Bellary 5,714 1800 911,755726,275880,950947,214969,4361,051,235
Chingleput Saidapet 5,079 1763 938,184981,3811,202,9281,312,1221,321,0001,171,419
Coimbatore Coimbatore 7,860 1799 1,763,2741,657,6902,004,8392,201,7523,219,8482,809,648
Cuddapah Cuddapah 8,723 1800 1,351,1941,121,0381,272,0721,291,2671,056,507
East Godavari[3] Cocanada 1765 ------1,756,4771,976,7432,161,863
Ganjam[4] Berhampur 8,372 1765 1,520,0881,749,6041,896,8032,010,256-
Godavari[3] Cocanada 7,972 1765 1,592,9391,791,5122,078,7822,301,7591,530,0002,583,250--
Kistna Masulipatam 8,498 1765/1801 1,452,3741,548,4801,855,5822,154,8031,997,5352,133,3141,444,294
Kurnool Kurnool 7,878 1800 914,432678,551817,811872,055889,0001,146,250
Madras Madras 27 1639 367,552405,848452,518509,346518,660526,000645,000777,481
Madura Madura 8,701 1761/1790/1801 2,266,6152,168,6802,608,4042,831,2801,861,0002,007,0632,446,601
Malabar Calicut 5,795 1792 2,261,2502,365,0352,652,5652,800,5553,015,1193,098,8713,929,425
Nellore Nellore 8,761 1781 1,376,8111,220,2361,463,7361,496,9871,296,0001,617,026
Nilgiris Ootacamund 958 1799 49,50191,03499,797111,43780,000209,709
North Arcot Chittoor 7,386 1781/1801 2,015,2781,817,8142,114,4872,207,7121,822,0002,055,5942,577,540
Salem Salem 7,530 1792 1,966,9951,599,5951,962,5912,204,9741,766,6802,112,0342,869,228
South Arcot Cuddalore 5,217 1781/1801 1,755,8171,814,7382,162,8512,349,8942,272,0002,320,0852,608,758
South Kanara Mangalore 4,021 1799 918,362959,5141,056,0811,134,7131,523,516
Tanjore Tanjore 3,710 1799 1,973,7312,130,3832,228,1142,245,0292,362,6392,326,2652,385,9202,563,375
Tinnevely Tinnevely 5,389 1761/1801 1,693,9591,699,7471,916,0952,059,6072,244,548
Trichinopoly Trichinopoly 2,632 1781/1801 1,200,4081,215,0331,372,7171,444,7702,194,091
Vizagapatam Waltair 17,222 1794 2,159,1992,485,1412,802,9922,933,6502,231,8743,845,944
West Godavari[3] Eluru 1765 ------1,380,088
Total Madras 141,705 31,220,97330,827,21835,630,44038,209,43641,870,16042,794,15546,740,107[3]49,341,810[4]
Princely States of Madras Presidency
Banganapalle Banganapalle 255 45,20830,75434,59632,26439,34436,69239,21844,592
Cochin Cochin 1,362 601,114600,278722,906812,025979,080918,1101,205,0161,422,875
Pudukkottai Pudukkottai 1,100 316,695302,127373,096380,440411,886426,313400,694438,648
Sandur Sandur 161 14,99610,53211,38811,20013,51711,66513,58315,814
Travancore Trivandrum 7,091 2,311,3792,401,1582,557,7362,952,1573,428,9754,006,0625,095,9736,070,018
Total 9,969 3,285,938align="right"
Source: The Imperial Gazetteer of India

Cities

Position 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941
1Madras (367,552)Madras (405,848)Madras (452,518)Madras (509,346)Madras (518,660)Madras (526,911)Madras (647,232)Madras (777,481)
2Trichinopoly (76,530)Trichinopoly (84,449)Trichinopoly (90,609)Madura (105,984)Madura (134,130)Madura (138,894)Madura (182,018)Madura (239,144)
3Tanjore (52,171)Madura (73,807)Madura (87,428)Trichinopoly (104,721)Trichinopoly (123,512)Trichinopoly (120,422)Trichinopoly (142,843)Trichinopoly (159,566)
4Madura (51,987)Calicut (57,085)Salem (67,710)Calicut (76,981)Calicut (82,334)Calicut (78,417)Salem (102,179)Coimbatore (130,348)
5Bellary (51,766)Tanjore (54,745)Calicut (66,078)Salem (70,621)Kumbakonam (64,647)Coimbatore (65,788)Calicut (99,273)Salem (129,702)
6Salem (50,012)Negapatam (53,855)Bellary (59,447)Kumbakonam (59,673)Tanjore (60,341)Conjeevaram (61,376)Coimbatore (95,198)Calicut (126,352)
7Negapatam (48,525)Bellary (53,460)Negapatam (59,221)Bellary (58,247)Negapatam (60,168)Kumbakonam (60,700)Tanjore (66,889)Bezawada (86,184)
8Calicut (48,338)Salem (50,667)Tanjore (54,390)Tanjore (57,870)Salem (59,152)Tanjore (59,913)Mangalore (66,756)Mangalore (81,609)
9Kumbakonam (44,444)Kumbakonam (54,307)Kumbakonam (54,307)Negapatam (57,190)Cuddalore (56,574)Negapatam (54,016)Cocanada (65,952)Tuticorin (75,614)
10Cuddalore (40,300)Cuddalore (43,564)Cuddalore (47,355)Coimbatore (53,080)Cocanada (54,410)Mangalore (53,877)Kumbakonam (62,317)Vizagapatam (70,243)

Notes

  1. Official Administration of the Madras Presidency, Pg 327
  2. In 1906, the two British enclaves of Anjengo and Tangasseri within Travancore were separated from Malabar district due to inaccessibility and a new Anjengo district was created. Anejnego was the smallest and least populous district in Madras Presidency from 1906 to 1927. In 1927, the two enclaves were incorporated in Tinnevelly district.
  3. In 1925, Godavari district was bifurcated into West Godavari and East Godavari districts
  4. Ganjam district was transferred to the newly formed province of Orissa in 1936
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