Dendropsophini

There are only two dendropsophines. Xenohyla is confined to only coastal Brazil, while the range of Dendropsophus is much larger. Xenohyla has 2n=24 chromosomes while Dendropsophus has 2n=30 chromosomes.[1]

Pseudines are notable for because despite being tree frogs, they have convergently evolved with true frogs and have lost most of their tree dwelling traits, becoming semi-aquatic or aquatic.[7] Their name references this similarity, with Pseudis coming from the Greek ψεῦδος (pseudos) which means "false" or "pretending". This is evident in how the intercalary elements, which are the spaces in between a frog's digits, have become ossified in order to strengthen them and help them swim in the water more efficiently. Normally in tree frogs, these intercalary elements remain unossified in order to allow their hands and feet to be flexible.[6][8] They also have a unique ligament cap that connects their knee to their pelvis that has not yet been seen in any other type of frog.[9] These frogs have a chromosome component of 2n = 24, the exceptions being Scarthyla goinorum with 2n = 22 and Pseudis cardosoi with 2n = 28.[10] In the wild they are preyed on by a variety of animals, including aquatic insects, spiders, and birds such as the buff-necked ibis and large-billed tern.[11]

The scinaxines are small to medium-sized frogs with pointy snouts, and often stowaway on products such as house plants and fruit. Because of this, two species of Scinax have been introduced outside of their native range, with Scinax quinquefasciatus on the Galapagos Islands[12] and Scinax ruber on St. Lucia, Martinique, and Puerto Rico.[13]